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<div class="section" id="user-guide">
<span id="ifupdown"></span><span id="index-0"></span><h1>User Guide<a class="headerlink" href="#user-guide" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>Keep the following points in mind before you start configuring interfaces using
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifupdown2</span></tt>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>IPv4 and IPv6 addresses for an interface can be listed in the same <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">iface</span></tt>
section. For examples, see <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/usr/share/doc/python-ifupdown2/examples/</span></tt>.</li>
<li>Do not use a legacy interface alias. They are only supported for backward
compatibility with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifupdown</span></tt>. They do get configured, but <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifquery</span></tt> has
problems recognizing them.</li>
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifupdown</span></tt> only understands interfaces that were configured using
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifupdown</span></tt>. Any interfaces created with a command other than <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifupdown</span></tt>
(like <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">brctl</span></tt>) must be de-configured in the same manner.</li>
<li>Use globs for port lists wherever applicable. Regular expressions work as well,
however regular expressions require all matching interfaces to be present in
the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">interfaces</span></tt> file. And declaring all interfaces in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">interfaces</span></tt>
file leads to losing all the advantages that built-in interfaces provide.</li>
<li>Extensions to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifquery</span></tt> help with validation and debugging.</li>
<li>By default, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifupdown</span></tt> is quiet; use the verbose option <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-v</span></tt> when you want
to know what is going on when bringing an interface down or up.</li>
</ul>
<div class="section" id="contents">
<h2>Contents<a class="headerlink" href="#contents" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#commands">Commands</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#man-pages">Man Pages</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#configuration-files">Configuration Files</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#ifupdown-built-in-interfaces">ifupdown Built-in Interfaces</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#ifupdown-interface-dependencies">ifupdown Interface Dependencies</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#configuring-ip-addresses">Configuring IP Addresses</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#specifying-user-commands">Specifying User Commands</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#sourcing-interface-file-snippets">Sourcing Interface File Snippets</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-globs-for-port-lists">Using Globs for Port Lists</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-templates">Using Templates</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-ifquery-to-validate-and-debug-interface-configurations">Using ifquery to Validate and Debug Interface Configurations</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#useful-links">Useful Links</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="commands">
<h2>Commands<a class="headerlink" href="#commands" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li>ifdown</li>
<li>ifquery</li>
<li>ifreload</li>
<li>ifup</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="man-pages">
<h2>Man Pages<a class="headerlink" href="#man-pages" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li>man ifdown(8)</li>
<li>man ifquery(8)</li>
<li>man ifreload</li>
<li>man ifup(8)</li>
<li>man ifupdown-addons-interfaces(5)</li>
<li>man interfaces(5)</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="configuration-files">
<h2>Configuration Files<a class="headerlink" href="#configuration-files" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li>/etc/network/interfaces</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="ifupdown-built-in-interfaces">
<h2>ifupdown Built-in Interfaces<a class="headerlink" href="#ifupdown-built-in-interfaces" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifupdown</span></tt> understands VLAN interfaces and physical interfaces that may appear
as dependents. There is no need to list them unless they need the specific
configuration or they need to match a regular expression used in the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">interfaces</span></tt> file. Use globs to avoid limitations with regular expressions.</p>
<p>For example, swp1.100 and swp2.100 below do not need an entry in the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">interfaces</span></tt> file:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>auto br-100
iface br-100
address 10.0.12.2/24
address 2001:dad:beef::3/64
bridge-ports swp1.100 swp2.100
bridge-stp on</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="ifupdown-interface-dependencies">
<h2>ifupdown Interface Dependencies<a class="headerlink" href="#ifupdown-interface-dependencies" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifupdown</span></tt> understands interface dependency relationships. When <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifup</span></tt> and
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifdown</span></tt> are run with all interfaces, they always run with all interfaces
in dependency order. When run with the interface list on the command line, the
default behavior is to not run with dependents. But if there are any built-in
dependents, they will be brought up or down.</p>
<p>To run with dependents when you specify the interface list, use the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--with-depends</span></tt> option. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--with-depends</span></tt> walks through all dependents
in the dependency tree rooted at the interface you specify. Consider the
following example configuration:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>auto bond1
iface bond1
address 100.0.0.2/16
bond-slaves swp29 swp30
bond-mode 802.3ad
bond-miimon 100
bond-use-carrier 1
bond-lacp-rate 1
bond-min-links 1
bond-xmit-hash-policy layer3+4
auto bond2
iface bond2
address 100.0.0.5/16
bond-slaves swp31 swp32
bond-mode 802.3ad
bond-miimon 100
bond-use-carrier 1
bond-lacp-rate 1
bond-min-links 1
bond-xmit-hash-policy layer3+4
auto br2001
iface br2001
address 12.0.1.3/24
bridge-ports bond1.2001 bond2.2001
bridge-stp on</pre>
</div>
<p>Specifying <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifup</span> <span class="pre">--with-depends</span> <span class="pre">br2001</span></tt> brings up all dependents: bond1.2001,
bond2.2001, bond1, bond2, bond1.2001, bond2.2001, swp29, swp30, swp31, swp32.</p>
<p>Similarly, specifying <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifdown</span> <span class="pre">--with-depends</span> <span class="pre">br2001</span></tt> brings down all
dependents: bond1.2001, bond2.2001, bond1, bond2, bond1.2001, bond2.2001, swp29,
swp30, swp31, swp32.</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="first admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p class="last"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifdown</span></tt> always deletes logical interfaces after bringing them
down. Use the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--admin-state</span></tt> option if you only want to administratively
bring the interface up or down. In terms of the above example,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifdown</span> <span class="pre">br2001</span></tt> deletes <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">br2001</span></tt>.</p>
</div>
<p>To guide you through which interfaces will be brought down and up, use the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--print-dependency</span></tt> option to get the list of dependents.</p>
<p>Use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifup</span> <span class="pre">--print-dependency=list</span> <span class="pre">-a</span></tt> to get the dependency list of all
interfaces:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>cumulus@switch:~$ sudo ifup --print-dependency=list -a
lo : None
eth0 : None
bond0 : ['swp25', 'swp26']
bond1 : ['swp29', 'swp30']
bond2 : ['swp31', 'swp32']
br0 : ['bond1', 'bond2']
bond1.2000 : ['bond1']
bond2.2000 : ['bond2']
br2000 : ['bond1.2000', 'bond2.2000']
bond1.2001 : ['bond1']
bond2.2001 : ['bond2']
br2001 : ['bond1.2001', 'bond2.2001']
swp40 : None
swp25 : None
swp26 : None
swp29 : None
swp30 : None
swp31 : None
swp32 : None</pre>
</div>
<p>To print the dependency list of a single interface, use:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>cumulus@switch:~$ sudo ifup --print-dependency=list br2001
br2001 : ['bond1.2001', 'bond2.2001']
bond1.2001 : ['bond1']
bond2.2001 : ['bond2']
bond1 : ['swp29', 'swp30']
bond2 : ['swp31', 'swp32']
swp29 : None
swp30 : None
swp31 : None
swp32 : None</pre>
</div>
<p>To print the dependency information of an interface in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dot</span></tt> format:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>cumulus@switch:~$ sudo ifup --print-dependency=dot br2001
/* Generated by GvGen v.0.9 (http://software.inl.fr/trac/wiki/GvGen) */
digraph G {
compound=true;
node1 [label="br2001"];
node2 [label="bond1.2001"];
node3 [label="bond2.2001"];
node4 [label="bond1"];
node5 [label="bond2"];
node6 [label="swp29"];
node7 [label="swp30"];
node8 [label="swp31"];
node9 [label="swp32"];
node1-&gt;node2;
node1-&gt;node3;
node2-&gt;node4;
node3-&gt;node5;
node4-&gt;node6;
node4-&gt;node7;
node5-&gt;node8;
node5-&gt;node9;
}</pre>
</div>
<p>You can use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dot</span></tt> to render the graph on an external system where <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dot</span></tt> is
installed.</p>
<img alt="_images/interfaces.png" src="_images/interfaces.png" />
<p>To print the dependency information of the entire <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">interfaces</span></tt> file:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>cumulus@switch:~$ sudo ifup --print-dependency=dot -a &gt;interfaces_all.dot</pre>
</div>
<img alt="_images/interfaces_all.png" src="_images/interfaces_all.png" style="width: 800px;" />
</div>
<div class="section" id="configuring-ip-addresses">
<h2>Configuring IP Addresses<a class="headerlink" href="#configuring-ip-addresses" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>In <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/etc/network/interfaces</span></tt>, list all IP addresses as shown below under the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">iface</span></tt> section (see <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">man</span> <span class="pre">interfaces</span></tt> for more information):</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>auto swp1
iface swp1
address 12.0.0.1/30
address 12.0.0.2/30</pre>
</div>
<p>The address method and address family are not mandatory. They default to
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">inet</span></tt>/<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">inet6</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">static</span></tt> by default, but <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">inet</span></tt>/<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">inet6</span></tt> <strong>must</strong> be
specified if you need to specify <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dhcp</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">loopback</span></tt>.</p>
<p>You can specify both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses under the same <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">iface</span></tt> section:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>auto swp1
iface swp1
address 12.0.0.1/30
address 12.0.0.2/30
address 2001:dee:eeef:2::1/64</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="specifying-user-commands">
<h2>Specifying User Commands<a class="headerlink" href="#specifying-user-commands" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>You can specify additional user commands in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">interfaces</span></tt> file. As shown in
the example below, the interface stanzas in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/etc/network/interfaces</span></tt> can have
a command that runs at pre-up, up, post-up, pre-down, down, and post-down:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>auto swp1
iface swp1
address 12.0.0.1/30
up /sbin/foo bar</pre>
</div>
<p>Any valid command can be hooked in the sequencing of bringing an interface up or
down, although commands should be limited in scope to network-related commands
associated with the particular interface.</p>
<p>For example, it wouldn&#8217;t make sense to install some Debian package on <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifup</span></tt>
of swp1, even though that is technically possible. See <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">man</span> <span class="pre">interfaces</span></tt> for
more details.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="sourcing-interface-file-snippets">
<h2>Sourcing Interface File Snippets<a class="headerlink" href="#sourcing-interface-file-snippets" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Sourcing interface files helps organize and manage the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">interfaces(5)</span></tt> file.
For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>cumulus@switch:~$ cat /etc/network/interfaces
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
source /etc/network/interfaces.d/bond0</pre>
</div>
<p>The contents of the sourced file used above are:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>cumulus@switch:~$ cat /etc/network/interfaces.d/bond0
auto bond0
iface bond0
address 14.0.0.9/30
address 2001:ded:beef:2::1/64
bond-slaves swp25 swp26
bond-mode 802.3ad
bond-miimon 100
bond-use-carrier 1
bond-lacp-rate 1
bond-min-links 1
bond-xmit-hash-policy layer3+4</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-globs-for-port-lists">
<h2>Using Globs for Port Lists<a class="headerlink" href="#using-globs-for-port-lists" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Some modules support globs to describe port lists. You can use globs to specify
bridge ports and bond slaves:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>auto br0
iface br0
bridge-ports glob swp1-6.100
auto br1
iface br1
bridge-ports glob swp7-9.100 swp11.100 glob swp15-18.100</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-templates">
<h2>Using Templates<a class="headerlink" href="#using-templates" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifupdown2</span></tt> supports Mako-style templates. For more information see
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.makotemplates.org/">www.makotemplates.org</a>. The Mako template
engine is run over the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">interfaces</span></tt> file before parsing.</p>
<p>Use the template to declare cookie-cutter bridges in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">interfaces</span></tt> file:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>%for v in [11,12]:
auto vlan${v}
iface vlan${v}
address 10.20.${v}.3/24
bridge-ports glob swp19-20.${v}
bridge-stp on
%endfor</pre>
</div>
<p>And use it to declare addresses in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">interfaces</span></tt> file:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>%for i in [1,12]:
auto swp${i}
iface swp${i}
address 10.20.${i}.3/24</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-ifquery-to-validate-and-debug-interface-configurations">
<h2>Using ifquery to Validate and Debug Interface Configurations<a class="headerlink" href="#using-ifquery-to-validate-and-debug-interface-configurations" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>You use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifquery</span></tt> to print parsed <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">interfaces</span></tt> file entries.</p>
<p>To use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifquery</span></tt> to pretty print <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">iface</span></tt> entries from the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">interfaces</span></tt>
file, run:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>cumulus@switch:~$ sudo ifquery bond0
auto bond0
iface bond0
address 14.0.0.9/30
address 2001:ded:beef:2::1/64
bond-slaves swp25 swp26
bond-mode 802.3ad
bond-miimon 100
bond-use-carrier 1
bond-lacp-rate 1
bond-min-links 1
bond-xmit-hash-policy layer3+4</pre>
</div>
<p>Use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifquery</span> <span class="pre">--check</span></tt> to check the current running state of an interface within
the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">interfaces</span></tt> file. It returns exit code <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt> if the configuration
does not match:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>cumulus@switch:~$ sudo ifquery --check bond0
iface bond0
bond-mode 802.3ad (✓)
bond-miimon 100 (✓)
bond-use-carrier 1 (✓)
bond-lacp-rate 1 (✓)
bond-min-links 1 (✓)
bond-xmit-hash-policy layer3+4 (✓)
bond-slaves swp25 swp26 (✓)
address 14.0.0.9/30 (✓)
address 2001:ded:beef:2::1/64 (✓)</pre>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifquery</span> <span class="pre">--check</span></tt> is an experimental feature.</p>
</div>
<p>Use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifquery</span> <span class="pre">--running</span></tt> to print the running state of interfaces in the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">interfaces</span></tt> file format:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>cumulus@switch:~$ sudo ifquery --running bond0
auto bond0
iface bond0
bond-xmit-hash-policy layer3+4
bond-miimon 100
bond-lacp-rate 1
bond-min-links 1
bond-slaves swp25 swp26
bond-mode 802.3ad
address 14.0.0.9/30
address 2001:ded:beef:2::1/64</pre>
</div>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifquery</span> <span class="pre">--syntax-help</span></tt> provides help on all possible attributes supported in
the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">interfaces</span></tt> file. For complete syntax on the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">interfaces</span></tt> file, see
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">man</span> <span class="pre">interfaces</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">man</span> <span class="pre">ifupdown-addons-interfaces</span></tt>.</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifquery</span></tt> can dump information in JSON format:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>cumulus@switch:~$ sudo ifquery --format=json bond0
{
"auto": true,
"config": {
"bond-use-carrier": "1",
"bond-xmit-hash-policy": "layer3+4",
"bond-miimon": "100",
"bond-lacp-rate": "1",
"bond-min-links": "1",
"bond-slaves": "swp25 swp26",
"bond-mode": "802.3ad",
"address": [
"14.0.0.9/30",
"2001:ded:beef:2::1/64"
]
},
"addr_method": null,
"name": "bond0",
"addr_family": null
}</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="useful-links">
<h2>Useful Links<a class="headerlink" href="#useful-links" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://wiki.debian.org/NetworkConfiguration">http://wiki.debian.org/NetworkConfiguration</a></li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/bonding">http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/bonding</a></li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/bridge">http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/bridge</a></li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/vlan">http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/vlan</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sphinxsidebar">
<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
<h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">User Guide</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#contents">Contents</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#commands">Commands</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#man-pages">Man Pages</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#configuration-files">Configuration Files</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#ifupdown-built-in-interfaces">ifupdown Built-in Interfaces</a></li>
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