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52 lines
2.3 KiB
Markdown
52 lines
2.3 KiB
Markdown
## Obsolete techniques
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As IPv6 has matured and people have gained operational experience,
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various co-existence and transition techniques have either been shown to
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be unsatisfactory or have simply been overtaken by events. This section
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simply lists such techniques, with minimal explanation. Readers are
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advised to ignore these techniques for new deployments, and to consider
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removing them from existing deployments.
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Tunneling IPv6 over IPv4, or the converse, remains fundamental to
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co-existence, although various specific tunnel mechanisms are listed
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below as obsolete.
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Note that three such mechanisms (6to4, Teredo and ISATAP) have left
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behind them some operational security risks related to IPv4 protocol
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type 41, as described in
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[Plight at the End of the Tunnel - Legacy IPv6 Transition Mechanisms in the Wild](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72582-2_23),
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preprint [here](https://dataplane.org/jtk/publications/kgkp-pam-21.pdf).
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- Transmission of IPv6 over IPv4 Domains without Explicit Tunnels
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\[[RFC2529](https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2529)\]. As far as is
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known, this was never deployed in practice.
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- IPv6 Tunnel Broker
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\[[RFC3053](https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3053)\].
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- Connection of IPv6 Domains via IPv4 Clouds ("6to4")
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\[[RFC3056](https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3056)\]
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\[[RFC3068](https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3068)\]. The problems
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with this are documented in
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[RFC6343](https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6343) and it was largely
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deprecated by [RFC7526](https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7526).
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- Teredo: Tunneling IPv6 over UDP through Network Address Translations
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(NATs) \[[RFC4380](https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4380)\].
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- SOCKS-based IPv6/IPv4 Gateway
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\[[RFC3089](https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3089)\].
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- ISATAP \[[RFC5214](https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5214)\].
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- 6rd \[[RFC5569](https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5569)\].
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- An Incremental Carrier-Grade NAT (CGN) for IPv6 Transition
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\[[RFC6264](https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6264)\].
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- 6a44 \[[RFC6751](https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6751)\].
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<!-- Link lines generated automatically; do not delete -->
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### [<ins>Previous</ins>](Translation%20and%20IPv4%20as%20a%20service.md) [<ins>Next</ins>](IPv6%20primary%20differences%20from%20IPv4.md) [<ins>Chapter Contents</ins>](3.%20Coexistence%20with%20Legacy%20IPv4.md)
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