Fix race condition with ultra low latency links

Default to optimized build

.gitignore

@@ -1,2 +1,5 @@
 /dpinger
+/dpinger.debug
+/dpinger.full
 /dpinger.o
+/.*.swp

LICENSE

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (c) 2015, Denny Page
+Copyright (c) 2015-2016, Denny Page
 All rights reserved.
 
 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

Makefile

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-PROG=	dpinger
-MAN=
+#CC=gcc
+#WARNINGS=-Wall -Wextra -Wformat=2 -Wno-unused-result
 
-BINDIR=	${PREFIX}/bin
-WARNS=	6
+CC=clang
+WARNINGS=-Weverything -Wno-padded -Wno-disabled-macro-expansion
 
-LDADD=	-lpthread
+CFLAGS=${WARNINGS} -pthread -g -O2
 
-.include <bsd.prog.mk>
+all: dpinger

Makefile.freebsd

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+PROG=	dpinger
+MAN=
+
+BINDIR=	${PREFIX}/bin
+WARNS=	6
+
+LDADD=	-lpthread
+
+.include <bsd.prog.mk>

README.md

@@ -1,9 +1,26 @@
 # dpinger
 
-dpinger is a daemon for continous monitoring of latency and loss on a network connection. It is
+dpinger is a daemon for continuous monitoring of latency and loss on a network connection. It is
 intended for use by firewalls to monitor link health, as well as for providing information to
 various monitoring systems such as Cacti, Nagios, Zabbix, etc. 
 
+The output of dpinger can either be file or socket based, and consists of three numbers:
+  
+    <Average Latency in μs> <Standard Deviation in μs> <Percentage of Loss>
+    
+dpinger also provides for invocation of a command based upon threshold values
+for Average Latency or Percentage of Loss. Arguments to the command are:
+
+    <Target IP> <Alarm on/off> <Average Latency> <Standard Deviation> <Percentage of Loss>
+
+In addition to command invocation, dpinger can also log alerts via syslog. 
+
+If several instances of dpinger are being used to monitor different targets, or the same target
+with different source addresses, etc., an Identifier can be added to the output to identify
+which instance of dpinger is the source. This is particularly useful with syslog.
+
+<br>
+
 Usage examples:
 
     dpinger -t 300s -r 60s 192.168.0.1 >> /tmp/dpinger.out
@@ -38,3 +55,9 @@ Produce a report every 60 seconds and append it to /tmp/dpinger.out.
   Monitor IP address fe80::1 for latency and loss. Send echo requests every 200 milliseconds.
   Make current status available on demand via a Unix domain socket /tmp/igb1.status. Record
   process id in /run/dpinger.
+
+    dpinger -S -i Comcast -s 5s -t 600s -r 0 -L 10% -p /run/dpinger 8.8.8.8
+
+  Monitor IP address 8.8.8.8 for latency and loss. Send echo requests every five seconds and
+  average results over 10 minutes. Log alerts via syslog including identifier string "Comcast"
+  if average loss exceeds 10 percent. Record process id in /run/dpinger.

dpinger.c

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 
 //
-// Copyright (c) 2015, Denny Page
+// Copyright (c) 2015-2016, Denny Page
 // All rights reserved.
 //
 // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <signal.h>
 
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <sys/un.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
@@ -50,6 +52,18 @@
 #include <pthread.h>
 #include <syslog.h>
 
+// TODO:
+//
+// After December 31st, 2016, review use of fcntl() for setting non blocking
+// and close on exec. It would be preferable to use accept4(), SOCK_CLOEXEC
+// and SOCK_NONBLOCK. These are currently avoided to allow use on older
+// systems such as FreeBSD 9.3, Linux 2.6.26.
+// For Linux accept4() currently requires defining _GNU_SOURCE which we would
+// like to avoid.
+// For FreeBSD, these definitions were introduced with FreeBSD 10.0 and are
+// not present in 9.3 which is supported through 2016.
+
+
 // Who we are
 static const char *             progname;
 
@@ -62,10 +76,11 @@ static unsigned int             flag_rewind = 0;
 static unsigned int             flag_syslog = 0;
 
 // String representation of target
-static char                     dest_str[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
+#define ADDR_STR_MAX            (INET6_ADDRSTRLEN + IF_NAMESIZE + 1)
+static char                     dest_str[ADDR_STR_MAX];
 
 // Time period over which we are averaging results in ms
-static unsigned long            time_period_msec = 25000;
+static unsigned long            time_period_msec = 30000;
 
 // Interval between sends in ms
 static unsigned long            send_interval_msec = 250;
@@ -135,8 +150,8 @@ static int                      recv_sock;
 
 // IPv4 / IPv6 parameters
 static uint16_t                 af_family = AF_INET;                    // IPv6: AF_INET6
-static uint16_t                 echo_request_type = ICMP_ECHO;          // IPv6: ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST
-static uint16_t                 echo_reply_type = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;       // IPv6: ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY
+static uint8_t                  echo_request_type = ICMP_ECHO;          // IPv6: ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST
+static uint8_t                  echo_reply_type = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;       // IPv6: ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY
 static int                      ip_proto = IPPROTO_ICMP;                // IPv6: IPPROTO_ICMPV6
 
 // Destination address
@@ -160,8 +175,16 @@ typedef struct
     uint16_t                    sequence;
 } icmphdr_t;
 
-// Echo request header for sendto
-static icmphdr_t                echo_request;
+// Echo request/reply packet buffers
+#define IPV4_ICMP_DATA_MAX      (IP_MAXPACKET - sizeof(struct ip) - sizeof(icmphdr_t))
+#define IPV6_ICMP_DATA_MAX      (IP_MAXPACKET - sizeof(icmphdr_t))
+#define PACKET_BUFLEN           (IP_MAXPACKET + 256)
+
+static unsigned long            echo_data_len = 0;
+static unsigned int             echo_request_len = sizeof(icmphdr_t);
+static unsigned int             echo_reply_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
+static icmphdr_t *              echo_request;
+static void *                   echo_reply;
 
 // Echo id and Sequence information
 static uint16_t                 echo_id;
@@ -172,6 +195,7 @@ static uint16_t                 sequence_limit;
 //
 // Termination handler
 //
+__attribute__ ((noreturn))
 static void
 term_handler(void)
 {
@@ -191,10 +215,7 @@ term_handler(void)
 //
 // Log for abnormal events
 //
-#ifdef __GNUC__
-static void logger(const char * format, ...) __attribute__ ((format (printf, 1, 2)));
-#endif
-
+__attribute__ ((format (printf, 1, 2)))
 static void
 logger(
     const char *                format,
@@ -239,7 +260,7 @@ cksum(
     sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xFFFF);
     sum += (sum >> 16);
 
-    return ~sum;
+    return (uint16_t) ~sum;
 }
 
 
@@ -277,7 +298,7 @@ ts_elapsed_usec(
     const struct timespec *     old,
     const struct timespec *     new)
 {
-    unsigned long               r_usec;
+    long                        r_usec;
 
     // Note that we are using monotonic clock and time cannot run backwards
     if (new->tv_nsec >= old->tv_nsec)
@@ -289,24 +310,28 @@ ts_elapsed_usec(
         r_usec = (new->tv_sec - old->tv_sec - 1) * 1000000 + (1000000000 + new->tv_nsec - old->tv_nsec) / 1000;
     }
 
-    return r_usec;
+    return (unsigned long) r_usec;
 }
 
 
 //
 // Send thread
 //
+__attribute__ ((noreturn))
 static void *
 send_thread(
+    __attribute__ ((unused))
     void *                      arg)
 {
     struct timespec             sleeptime;
+    ssize_t                     len;
     int                         r;
 
     // Set up our echo request packet
-    echo_request.type = echo_request_type;
-    echo_request.code = 0;
-    echo_request.id = echo_id;
+    memset(echo_request, 0, echo_request_len);
+    echo_request->type = echo_request_type;
+    echo_request->code = 0;
+    echo_request->id = echo_id;
 
     // Set up the timespec for nanosleep
     sleeptime.tv_sec = send_interval_msec / 1000;
@@ -321,17 +346,17 @@ send_thread(
         }
 
         // Set sequence number and checksum
-        echo_request.sequence = htons(next_sequence);
-        echo_request.cksum = 0;
-        echo_request.cksum = cksum((uint16_t *) &echo_request, sizeof(icmphdr_t));
+        echo_request->sequence = htons(next_sequence);
+        echo_request->cksum = 0;
+        echo_request->cksum = cksum((uint16_t *) echo_request, sizeof(icmphdr_t));
 
         array[next_slot].status = PACKET_STATUS_EMPTY;
         sched_yield();
         clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &array[next_slot].time_sent);
-        array[next_slot].status = PACKET_STATUS_SENT;
 
-        r = sendto(send_sock, &echo_request, sizeof(icmphdr_t), 0, (struct sockaddr *) &dest_addr, dest_addr_len);
-        if (r == -1)
+        array[next_slot].status = PACKET_STATUS_SENT;
+        len = sendto(send_sock, echo_request, echo_request_len, 0, (struct sockaddr *) &dest_addr, dest_addr_len);
+        if (len == -1)
         {
             logger("%s%s: sendto error: %d\n", identifier, dest_str, errno);
         }
@@ -339,23 +364,21 @@ send_thread(
         next_slot = (next_slot + 1) % array_size;
         next_sequence = (next_sequence + 1) % sequence_limit;
     }
-
-    // notreached
-    return arg;
 }
 
 
 //
 // Receive thread
 //
+__attribute__ ((noreturn))
 static void *
 recv_thread(
+    __attribute__ ((unused))
     void *                      arg)
 {
-    char                        packet[1024];
-    unsigned int                packet_len;
     struct sockaddr_storage     src_addr;
     socklen_t                   src_addr_len;
+    ssize_t                     len;
     icmphdr_t *                 icmp;
     struct timespec             now;
     unsigned int                array_slot;
@@ -363,8 +386,8 @@ recv_thread(
     while (1)
     {
         src_addr_len = sizeof(src_addr);
-        packet_len = recvfrom(recv_sock, &packet, sizeof(packet), 0, (struct sockaddr *) &src_addr, &src_addr_len);
-        if (packet_len == (unsigned int) -1)
+        len = recvfrom(recv_sock, echo_reply, echo_reply_len, 0, (struct sockaddr *) &src_addr, &src_addr_len);
+        if (len == -1)
         {
             logger("%s%s: recvfrom error: %d\n", identifier, dest_str, errno);
             continue;
@@ -377,25 +400,25 @@ recv_thread(
             size_t              ip_len;
 
             // With IPv4, we get the entire IP packet
-            if (packet_len < sizeof(struct ip))
+            if (len < (ssize_t) sizeof(struct ip))
             {
                 logger("%s%s: received packet too small for IP header\n", identifier, dest_str);
                 continue;
             }
-            ip = (void *) packet;
-            ip_len = ip->ip_hl << 2;
+            ip = echo_reply;
+            ip_len = (size_t) ip->ip_hl << 2;
 
-            icmp = (void *) (packet + ip_len);
-            packet_len -= ip_len;
+            icmp = (void *) ((char *) ip + ip_len);
+            len -= ip_len;
         }
         else
         {
             // With IPv6, we just get the ICMP payload
-            icmp = (void *) (packet);
+            icmp = echo_reply;
         }
 
         // This should never happen
-        if (packet_len < sizeof(icmphdr_t))
+        if (len < (ssize_t) sizeof(icmphdr_t))
         {
             logger("%s%s: received packet too small for ICMP header\n", identifier, dest_str);
             continue;
@@ -417,9 +440,6 @@ recv_thread(
         array[array_slot].latency_usec = ts_elapsed_usec(&array[array_slot].time_sent, &now);
         array[array_slot].status = PACKET_STATUS_RECEIVED;
     }
-
-    // notreached
-    return arg;
 }
 
 
@@ -435,6 +455,7 @@ report(
     struct timespec             now;
     unsigned long               packets_received = 0;
     unsigned long               packets_lost = 0;
+    unsigned long               latency_usec = 0;
     unsigned long               total_latency_usec = 0;
     unsigned long long          total_latency_usec2 = 0;
     unsigned int                slot;
@@ -448,8 +469,9 @@ report(
         if (array[slot].status == PACKET_STATUS_RECEIVED)
         {
             packets_received++;
-            total_latency_usec += array[slot].latency_usec;
-            total_latency_usec2 += array[slot].latency_usec * array[slot].latency_usec;
+            latency_usec = array[slot].latency_usec;
+            total_latency_usec += latency_usec;
+            total_latency_usec2 += latency_usec * latency_usec;
         }
         else if (array[slot].status == PACKET_STATUS_SENT &&
                  ts_elapsed_usec(&array[slot].time_sent, &now) > loss_interval_usec)
@@ -462,10 +484,12 @@ report(
 
     if (packets_received)
     {
-        *average_latency_usec = total_latency_usec / packets_received;
+        unsigned long           avg = total_latency_usec / packets_received;
+        unsigned long long      avg2 = total_latency_usec2 / packets_received;
 
-        // sqrt( (sum(rtt^2) / packets) - (sum(rtt) / packets)^2)
-        *latency_deviation = llsqrt((total_latency_usec2 / packets_received) - (total_latency_usec / packets_received) * (total_latency_usec / packets_received));
+        // stddev = sqrt((sum(rtt^2) / packets) - (sum(rtt) / packets)^2)
+        *average_latency_usec = avg;
+        *latency_deviation = llsqrt(avg2 - (avg * avg));
     }
     else
     {
@@ -487,8 +511,10 @@ report(
 //
 // Report thread
 //
+__attribute__ ((noreturn))
 static void *
 report_thread(
+    __attribute__ ((unused))
     void *                      arg)
 {
     char                        buf[OUTPUT_MAX];
@@ -496,7 +522,8 @@ report_thread(
     unsigned long               average_latency_usec;
     unsigned long               latency_deviation;
     unsigned long               average_loss_percent;
-    int                         len;
+    ssize_t                     len;
+    ssize_t                     rs;
     int                         r;
 
     // Set up the timespec for nanosleep
@@ -519,33 +546,32 @@ report_thread(
             logger("error formatting output in report thread\n");
         }
 
-        r = write(report_fd, buf, len);
-        if (r == -1)
+        rs = write(report_fd, buf, (size_t) len);
+        if (rs == -1)
         {
             logger("write error in report thread: %d\n", errno);
         }
-        else if (r != len)
+        else if (rs != len)
         {
-            logger("short write in report thread: %d/%d\n", r, len);
+            logger("short write in report thread: %zd/%zd\n", rs, len);
         }
 
         if (flag_rewind)
         {
-            ftruncate(report_fd, len);
-            lseek(report_fd, SEEK_SET, 0);
+            (void) ftruncate(report_fd, len);
+            (void) lseek(report_fd, SEEK_SET, 0);
         }
     }
-
-    // notreached
-    return arg;
 }
 
 
 //
 // Alert thread
 //
+__attribute__ ((noreturn))
 static void *
 alert_thread(
+    __attribute__ ((unused))
     void *                      arg)
 {
     struct timespec             sleeptime;
@@ -639,16 +665,15 @@ alert_thread(
             }
         }
     }
-
-    // notreached
-    return arg;
 }
 
 //
 // Unix socket thread
 //
+__attribute__ ((noreturn))
 static void *
 usocket_thread(
+    __attribute__ ((unused))
     void *                      arg)
 {
     char                        buf[OUTPUT_MAX];
@@ -656,12 +681,14 @@ usocket_thread(
     unsigned long               latency_deviation;
     unsigned long               average_loss_percent;
     int                         sock_fd;
-    int                         len;
+    ssize_t                     len;
+    ssize_t                     rs;
     int                         r;
 
     while (1)
     {
         sock_fd = accept(usocket_fd, NULL, NULL);
+        (void) fcntl(sock_fd, F_SETFL, FD_CLOEXEC);
         (void) fcntl(sock_fd, F_SETFL, fcntl(sock_fd, F_GETFL, 0) | O_NONBLOCK);
 
         report(&average_latency_usec, &latency_deviation, &average_loss_percent);
@@ -672,14 +699,14 @@ usocket_thread(
             logger("error formatting output in usocket thread\n");
         }
 
-        r = write(sock_fd, buf, len);
-        if (r == -1)
+        rs = write(sock_fd, buf, (size_t) len);
+        if (rs == -1)
         {
             logger("write error in usocket thread: %d\n", errno);
         }
-        else if (r != len)
+        else if (rs != len)
         {
-            logger("short write in usocket thread: %d/%d\n", r, len);
+            logger("short write in usocket thread: %zd/%zd\n", rs, len);
         }
 
         r = close(sock_fd);
@@ -688,9 +715,6 @@ usocket_thread(
             logger("close error in usocket thread: %d\n", errno);
         }
     }
-
-    // notreached
-    return arg;
 }
 
 
@@ -715,7 +739,7 @@ get_time_arg_msec(
     else if (*suffix == 's')
     {
         // Seconds
-        *value *= 1000;
+        t *= 1000;
         suffix++;
     }
 
@@ -758,6 +782,41 @@ get_percent_arg(
 }
 
 
+//
+// Decode a byte length argument
+//
+static int
+get_length_arg(
+    const char *                arg,
+    unsigned long *             value)
+{
+    unsigned long               t;
+    char *                      suffix;
+
+    t = strtoul(arg, &suffix, 10);
+    if (*suffix == 'b')
+    {
+        // Bytes
+        suffix++;
+    }
+    else if (*suffix == 'k')
+    {
+        // Kilobytes
+        t *= 1024;
+        suffix++;
+    }
+
+    // Garbage in the number?
+    if (*suffix != 0)
+    {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    *value = t;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
 //
 // Output usage
 //
@@ -765,16 +824,17 @@ static void
 usage(void)
 {
     fprintf(stderr, "Usage:\n");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  %s [-f] [-R] [-S] [-B bind_addr] [-s send_interval] [-l loss_interval] [-t time_period] [-r report_interval] [-o output_file] [-A alert_interval] [-D latency_alarm] [-L loss_alarm] [-C alert_cmd] [-i identifier] [-u usocket] [-p pidfile] dest_addr\n\n", progname);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  %s [-f] [-R] [-S] [-B bind_addr] [-s send_interval] [-l loss_interval] [-t time_period] [-r report_interval] [-d data_length] [-o output_file] [-A alert_interval] [-D latency_alarm] [-L loss_alarm] [-C alert_cmd] [-i identifier] [-u usocket] [-p pidfile] dest_addr\n\n", progname);
     fprintf(stderr, "  options:\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "    -f run in foreground\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "    -R rewind output file between reports\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "    -S log warnings via syslog\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "    -B bind (source) address\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "    -s time interval between echo requests (default 250ms)\n");
-    fprintf(stderr, "    -l time interval before packets are treated as lost (default 2x send interval)\n");
-    fprintf(stderr, "    -t time period over which results are averaged (default 25s)\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "    -l time interval before packets are treated as lost (default 5x send interval)\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "    -t time period over which results are averaged (default 30s)\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "    -r time interval between reports (default 1s)\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "    -d data length (default 0)\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "    -o output file for reports (default stdout)\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "    -A time interval between alerts (default 1s)\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "    -D time threshold for latency alarm (default none)\n");
@@ -784,11 +844,13 @@ usage(void)
     fprintf(stderr, "    -u unix socket name for polling\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "    -p process id file name\n\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "  notes:\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "    IP addresses can be in either IPv4 or IPv6 format\n\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "    time values can be expressed with a suffix of 'm' (milliseconds) or 's' (seconds)\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "    if no suffix is specified, milliseconds is the default\n\n");
-    fprintf(stderr, "    IP addresses can be in either IPv4 or IPv6 format\n\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "    the output format is \"latency_avg latency_stddev loss_pct\"\n");
-    fprintf(stderr, "    latency values are output in microseconds\n\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "    latency values are output in microseconds\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "    loss percentage is reported in whole numbers of 0-100\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "    resolution of loss calculation is: 100 * send_interval / (time_period - loss_interval)\n\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "    the alert_cmd is invoked as \"alert_cmd dest_addr alarm_flag latency_avg loss_avg\"\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "    alarm_flag is set to 1 if either latency or loss is in alarm state\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "    alarm_flag will return to 0 when both have have cleared alarm state\n\n");
@@ -798,6 +860,7 @@ usage(void)
 //
 // Fatal error
 //
+__attribute__ ((noreturn, format (printf, 1, 2)))
 static void
 fatal(
     const char *                format,
@@ -824,8 +887,8 @@ parse_args(
     int                         argc,
     char * const                argv[])
 {
-    struct in_addr              addr;
-    struct in6_addr             addr6;
+    struct addrinfo             hint;
+    struct addrinfo *           addr_info;
     const char *                dest_arg;
     const char *                bind_arg = NULL;
     size_t                      len;
@@ -834,7 +897,7 @@ parse_args(
 
     progname = argv[0];
 
-    while((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "fRSB:s:l:t:r:o:A:D:L:C:i:u:p:")) != -1)
+    while((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "fRSB:s:l:t:r:d:o:A:D:L:C:i:u:p:")) != -1)
     {
         switch (opt)
         {
@@ -886,6 +949,14 @@ parse_args(
             }
             break;
 
+        case 'd':
+            r = get_length_arg(optarg, &echo_data_len);
+            if (r)
+            {
+                fatal("invalid data length %s\n", optarg);
+            }
+            break;
+
         case 'o':
             report_name = optarg;
             break;
@@ -904,6 +975,7 @@ parse_args(
             {
                 fatal("invalid latency alarm threshold %s\n", optarg);
             }
+            latency_alarm_threshold_usec = latency_alarm_threshold_msec * 1000;
             break;
 
         case 'L':
@@ -916,7 +988,7 @@ parse_args(
 
         case 'C':
             alert_cmd_offset = strlen(optarg);
-            alert_cmd = malloc (alert_cmd_offset + OUTPUT_MAX);
+            alert_cmd = malloc(alert_cmd_offset + OUTPUT_MAX);
             if (alert_cmd == NULL)
             {
                 fatal("malloc of alert command buffer failed\n");
@@ -928,7 +1000,7 @@ parse_args(
             len = strlen(optarg);
             if (len >= sizeof(identifier) - 1)
             {
-                fatal("identifier argument too large (max %u bytes)\n", sizeof(identifier) - 1);
+                fatal("identifier argument too large (max %u bytes)\n", (unsigned) sizeof(identifier) - 1);
             }
             // optarg with a space appended
             memcpy(identifier, optarg, len);
@@ -956,6 +1028,7 @@ parse_args(
         usage();
         fatal(NULL);
     }
+    dest_arg = argv[optind];
 
     // Ensure we have something to do: at least one of alarm, report, socket
     if (report_interval_msec == 0 && latency_alarm_threshold_msec == 0 && loss_alarm_threshold_percent == 0 && usocket_name == NULL)
@@ -963,9 +1036,6 @@ parse_args(
         fatal("no activity enabled\n");
     }
 
-    // Destination address
-    dest_arg = argv[optind];
-
     // Ensure we have something to average over
     if (time_period_msec < send_interval_msec)
     {
@@ -979,61 +1049,71 @@ parse_args(
         fatal("ratio of time period to send interval cannot exceed 65536:1\n");
     }
 
-    // Check for an IPv4 address
-    r = inet_pton(AF_INET, dest_arg, &addr);
-    if (r)
+    // Check destination address
+    memset(&hint, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
+    hint.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST;
+    hint.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
+    hint.ai_socktype = SOCK_RAW;
+
+    r = getaddrinfo(dest_arg, NULL, &hint, &addr_info);
+    if (r != 0)
     {
-        struct sockaddr_in * dest = (struct sockaddr_in *) &dest_addr;
-        dest->sin_family = AF_INET;
-        dest->sin_addr = addr;
-        dest_addr_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
-
-        if (bind_arg)
-        {
-            r = inet_pton(AF_INET, bind_arg, &addr);
-            if (r == 0)
-            {
-                fatal("Invalid bind IP address %s\n", bind_arg);
-            }
-
-            struct sockaddr_in * bind4 = (struct sockaddr_in *) &bind_addr;
-            bind4->sin_family = AF_INET;
-            bind4->sin_addr = addr;
-            bind_addr_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
-        }
+        fatal("invalid destination IP address %s\n", dest_arg);
     }
-    else
+
+    if (addr_info->ai_family == AF_INET6)
     {
-        // Perhaps it's an IPv6 address?
-        r = inet_pton(AF_INET6, dest_arg, &addr6);
-        if (r == 0)
-        {
-            fatal("Invalid destination IP address %s\n", dest_arg);
-        }
-
-        struct sockaddr_in6 * dest6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *) &dest_addr;
-        dest6->sin6_family = AF_INET6;
-        dest6->sin6_addr = addr6;
-        dest_addr_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
-
         af_family = AF_INET6;
         ip_proto = IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
         echo_request_type = ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST;
         echo_reply_type = ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY;
+    }
+    else if (addr_info->ai_family != AF_INET)
+    {
+        fatal("invalid destination IP address %s\n", dest_arg);
+    }
 
-        if (bind_arg)
+
+    dest_addr_len = addr_info->ai_addrlen;
+    memcpy(&dest_addr, addr_info->ai_addr, dest_addr_len);
+    freeaddrinfo(addr_info);
+
+    // Check bind address
+    if (bind_arg)
+    {
+        // Address family must match
+        hint.ai_family = af_family;
+
+        r = getaddrinfo(bind_arg, NULL, &hint, &addr_info);
+        if (r != 0)
         {
-            r = inet_pton(AF_INET6, bind_arg, &addr6);
-            if (r == 0)
-            {
-                fatal("Invalid source IP address %s\n", bind_arg);
-            }
-
-            struct sockaddr_in6 * bind6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *) &bind_addr;
-            bind6->sin6_family = AF_INET6;
-            bind6->sin6_addr = addr6;
-            bind_addr_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
+           fatal("invalid bind IP address %s\n", bind_arg);
         }
+
+        bind_addr_len = addr_info->ai_addrlen;
+        memcpy(&bind_addr, addr_info->ai_addr, bind_addr_len);
+        freeaddrinfo(addr_info);
+    }
+
+    // Check requested data length
+    if (echo_data_len)
+    {
+        if (af_family == AF_INET)
+        {
+            if (echo_data_len > IPV4_ICMP_DATA_MAX)
+            {
+                fatal("data length too large for IPv4 - maximum is %u bytes\n", (unsigned) IPV4_ICMP_DATA_MAX);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (echo_data_len > IPV6_ICMP_DATA_MAX)
+            {
+                fatal("data length too large for IPv6 - maximum is %u bytes\n", (unsigned) IPV6_ICMP_DATA_MAX);
+            }
+        }
+
+        echo_request_len += echo_data_len;
     }
 }
 
@@ -1046,12 +1126,12 @@ main(
     int                         argc,
     char                        *argv[])
 {
-    char                        bind_str[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN] = "(none)";
-    const void *                addr;
-    const char *                p;
-    int                         pidfile_fd;
+    char                        bind_str[ADDR_STR_MAX] = "(none)";
+    int                         pidfile_fd = -1;
     pthread_t                   thread;
     struct                      sigaction act;
+    int                         buflen = PACKET_BUFLEN;
+    ssize_t                     rs;
     int                         r;
 
     // Handle command line args
@@ -1064,12 +1144,17 @@ main(
         perror("socket");
         fatal("cannot create send socket\n");
     }
+    (void) fcntl(send_sock, F_SETFL, FD_CLOEXEC);
+    (void) setsockopt(send_sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &buflen, sizeof(buflen));
+
     recv_sock = socket(af_family, SOCK_RAW, ip_proto);
     if (recv_sock == -1)
     {
         perror("socket");
         fatal("cannot create recv socket\n");
     }
+    (void) fcntl(recv_sock, F_SETFL, FD_CLOEXEC);
+    (void) setsockopt(recv_sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &buflen, sizeof(buflen));
 
     // Bind our sockets to an address if requested
     if (bind_addr_len)
@@ -1089,13 +1174,13 @@ main(
     }
 
     // Drop privileges
-    r = setgid(getgid());
-    r = setuid(getuid());
+    (void) setgid(getgid());
+    (void) setuid(getuid());
 
     // Create report file
     if (report_name)
     {
-        report_fd = open(report_name, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
+        report_fd = open(report_name, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC, 0644);
         if (report_fd == -1)
         {
             perror("open");
@@ -1117,13 +1202,13 @@ main(
             fatal("socket name too large\n");
         }
 
-        usocket_fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
+        usocket_fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
         if (usocket_fd == -1)
         {
             perror("socket");
             fatal("cannot create unix domain socket\n");
         }
-
+        (void) fcntl(usocket_fd, F_SETFL, FD_CLOEXEC);
         (void) unlink(usocket_name);
 
         memset(&uaddr, 0, sizeof(uaddr));
@@ -1154,7 +1239,7 @@ main(
     // Create pid file
     if (pidfile_name)
     {
-        pidfile_fd = open(pidfile_name, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
+        pidfile_fd = open(pidfile_name, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC, 0644);
         if (pidfile_fd == -1)
         {
             perror("open");
@@ -1186,14 +1271,14 @@ main(
     // Termination handler
     memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
     act.sa_handler = (void (*)(int)) term_handler;
-    sigaction(SIGTERM, &act, NULL);
-    sigaction(SIGINT, &act, NULL);
+    (void) sigaction(SIGTERM, &act, NULL);
+    (void) sigaction(SIGINT, &act, NULL);
 
     // Write pid file
-    if (pidfile_name)
+    if (pidfile_fd != -1)
     {
         char                    buf[64];
-        int                     len;
+        ssize_t                 len;
 
         len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%u\n", (unsigned) getpid());
         if (len < 0 || (size_t) len > sizeof(buf))
@@ -1201,14 +1286,14 @@ main(
             fatal("error formatting pidfile\n");
         }
 
-        r = write(pidfile_fd, buf, len);
-        if (r == -1)
+        rs = write(pidfile_fd, buf, (size_t) len);
+        if (rs == -1)
         {
             perror("write");
             fatal("error writing pidfile\n");
         }
 
-        r= close(pidfile_fd);
+        r = close(pidfile_fd);
         if (r == -1)
         {
             perror("close");
@@ -1217,69 +1302,57 @@ main(
     }
 
     // Create the array
-    array_size = time_period_msec / send_interval_msec;
+    array_size = (unsigned int) (time_period_msec / send_interval_msec);
     array = calloc(array_size, sizeof(*array));
     if (array == NULL)
     {
         fatal("calloc of packet array failed\n");
     }
 
+    // Allocate the echo request/reply packet buffers
+    echo_request = (icmphdr_t *) malloc(echo_request_len);
+    echo_reply = malloc(echo_reply_len);
+    if (echo_request == NULL || echo_reply == NULL)
+    {
+        fatal("malloc of packet buffers failed\n");
+    }
+
     // Set the default loss interval
     if (loss_interval_msec == 0)
     {
-        loss_interval_msec = send_interval_msec * 2;
+        loss_interval_msec = send_interval_msec * 5;
     }
+    loss_interval_usec = loss_interval_msec * 1000;
 
-    // Log our parameters
-    if (af_family == AF_INET)
+    // Log our general parameters
+    r = getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *) &dest_addr, dest_addr_len, dest_str, sizeof(dest_str), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST);
+    if (r != 0)
     {
-        addr = (const void *) &((struct sockaddr_in *) &dest_addr)->sin_addr;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        addr = (const void *) &((struct sockaddr_in6 *) &dest_addr)->sin6_addr;
-    }
-    p = inet_ntop(af_family, addr, dest_str, sizeof(dest_str));
-    if (p == NULL)
-    {
-        fatal("inet_ntop of destination address failed\n");
+        fatal("getnameinfo of destination address failed\n");
     }
 
     if (bind_addr_len)
     {
-        if (af_family == AF_INET)
+        r = getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *) &bind_addr, bind_addr_len, bind_str, sizeof(bind_str), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST);
+        if (r != 0)
         {
-            addr = (const void *) &((struct sockaddr_in *) &bind_addr)->sin_addr;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            addr = (const void *) &((struct sockaddr_in6 *) &bind_addr)->sin6_addr;
-        }
-        p = inet_ntop(af_family, addr, bind_str, sizeof(bind_str));
-        if (p == NULL)
-        {
-            fatal("inet_ntop of bind address failed\n");
+            fatal("getnameinfo of bind address failed\n");
         }
     }
 
-    // Log our general parameters
-    logger("send_interval %lums  loss_interval %lums  time_period %lums  report_interval %lums  alert_interval %lums  latency_alarm %lums  loss_alarm %lu%%  dest_addr %s  bind_addr %s  identifier \"%s\"\n",
-           send_interval_msec, loss_interval_msec, time_period_msec, report_interval_msec,
+    logger("send_interval %lums  loss_interval %lums  time_period %lums  report_interval %lums  data_len %lu  alert_interval %lums  latency_alarm %lums  loss_alarm %lu%%  dest_addr %s  bind_addr %s  identifier \"%s\"\n",
+           send_interval_msec, loss_interval_msec, time_period_msec, report_interval_msec, echo_data_len,
            alert_interval_msec, latency_alarm_threshold_msec, loss_alarm_threshold_percent,
            dest_str, bind_str, identifier);
 
-    // Convert loss interval and alarm threshold to microseconds
-    loss_interval_usec = loss_interval_msec * 1000;
-    latency_alarm_threshold_usec = latency_alarm_threshold_msec * 1000;
-
     // Set my echo id
-    echo_id = htons(getpid());
+    echo_id = htons((uint16_t) getpid());
 
     // Set the limit for sequence number to ensure a multiple of array size
-    sequence_limit = array_size;
+    sequence_limit = (uint16_t) array_size;
     while ((sequence_limit & 0x8000) == 0)
     {
-        sequence_limit = sequence_limit << 1;
+        sequence_limit <<= 1;
     }
 
     // Create recv thread

rrd/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+Example scripts for creating RRD graphs with dpinger
+
+<br>
+
+Files and Usage:
+
+    dpinger_rrd_create <name>
+
+Create the rrd initial file.
+
+    dpinger_rrd_update <name> <target> <additional dpinger options>
+
+Daemon updater script. Runs dpinger and feeds the rrd file.
+
+    dpinger_rrd_gencgi <name>
+
+Generate a cgi script that displays graphs.
+
+    dpinger_rrd_graph <name>
+
+Generate png files for use with static html
+
+    sample.html
+
+Sample static html to display graphs.

rrd/dpinger_rrd_create

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+if [ $# -ne 1 ]
+then
+    echo "usage: $0 name"
+    exit 1
+fi
+name="$1"
+
+rrdfile="${name}.rrd"
+echo "Creating rrd file ${rrdfile}"
+
+
+# Time duration method doesn't work in all versions of rrdtool
+#rrdtool create "${rrdfile}" --step 1m \
+#    DS:latency:GAUGE:5m:0:U \
+#    DS:stddev:GAUGE:5m:0:U \
+#    DS:loss:GAUGE:5m:0:100 \
+#    RRA:AVERAGE:0.5:1m:15d \
+#    RRA:AVERAGE:0.5:5m:90d \
+#    RRA:AVERAGE:0.5:1h:3y
+
+# This method works in all versions
+rrdtool create "${rrdfile}" --step 60 \
+    DS:latency:GAUGE:300:0:U \
+    DS:stddev:GAUGE:300:0:U \
+    DS:loss:GAUGE:300:0:100 \
+    RRA:AVERAGE:0.5:1:21600 \
+    RRA:AVERAGE:0.5:5:25920 \
+    RRA:AVERAGE:0.5:60:26352

rrd/dpinger_rrd_gencgi

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+if [ $# -ne 2 ]
+then
+    echo "usage: $0 rrdname pngname"
+    exit 1
+fi
+rrdname="${1}"
+pngname="${2}"
+
+# Prefixes for rrd and png files. Note that if the prefix is a directory, it must incldue the trailing slash
+# If no value is set, the files are located in the current directory when the cgi script runs
+rrdprefix=
+pngprefix=/tmp/
+
+
+# Graph dimensions
+#graph_height=240
+#graph_width=720
+graph_height=280
+graph_width=840
+
+# Preferred font
+font="DejaVuSansMono"
+
+# Latency breakpoints in milliseconds
+latency_s0=20
+latency_s1=40
+latency_s2=80
+latency_s3=160
+latency_s4=320
+
+# Latency colors
+latency_c0="dddddd"
+latency_c1="ddbbbb"
+latency_c2="d4aaaa"
+latency_c3="cc9999"
+latency_c4="c38888"
+latency_c5="bb7777"
+
+# Standard deviation color & opacity
+stddev_c="55333355"
+
+# Loss color
+loss_c="ee0000"
+
+
+gen_graph()
+{
+    png=$1
+    rrd=$2
+    start=$3
+    end=$4
+    step=$5
+    description=$6
+
+    echo "<RRD::GRAPH \"${png}\""
+        echo "--lazy"
+        echo "--start \"${start}\" --end \"${end}\" --step \"${step}\""
+        echo "--height ${graph_height} --width ${graph_width}"
+        echo "--title \"Average Latency and Packet Loss - ${description}\""
+        echo "--disable-rrdtool-tag"
+        echo "--color BACK#ffffff"
+        echo "--font DEFAULT:9:\"${font}\""
+        echo "--font AXIS:8:\"${font}\""
+
+        echo "DEF:latency_us=\"${rrd}\":latency:AVERAGE:step=\"${step}\""
+        echo "CDEF:latency=latency_us,1000,/"
+        echo "CDEF:latency_s0=latency,${latency_s0},MIN"
+        echo "CDEF:latency_s1=latency,${latency_s1},MIN"
+        echo "CDEF:latency_s2=latency,${latency_s2},MIN"
+        echo "CDEF:latency_s3=latency,${latency_s3},MIN"
+        echo "CDEF:latency_s4=latency,${latency_s4},MIN"
+        echo "VDEF:latency_min=latency,MINIMUM"
+        echo "VDEF:latency_max=latency,MAXIMUM"
+        echo "VDEF:latency_avg=latency,AVERAGE"
+        echo "VDEF:latency_last=latency,LAST"
+
+        echo "DEF:stddev_us=\"${rrd}\":stddev:AVERAGE:step=\"${step}\""
+        echo "CDEF:stddev=stddev_us,1000,/"
+        echo "VDEF:stddev_min=stddev,MINIMUM"
+        echo "VDEF:stddev_max=stddev,MAXIMUM"
+        echo "VDEF:stddev_avg=stddev,AVERAGE"
+        echo "VDEF:stddev_last=stddev,LAST"
+
+        echo "DEF:loss=\"${rrd}\":loss:AVERAGE:step=\"${step}\""
+        echo "CDEF:loss_neg=loss,-1,*"
+        echo "VDEF:loss_min=loss,MINIMUM"
+        echo "VDEF:loss_max=loss,MAXIMUM"
+        echo "VDEF:loss_avg=loss,AVERAGE"
+        echo "VDEF:loss_last=loss,LAST"
+
+        echo "COMMENT:\"                         Min              Max              Avg             Last\n\""
+
+        echo "COMMENT:\"     \""
+        echo "AREA:latency#${latency_c5}"
+        echo "AREA:latency_s4#${latency_c4}"
+        echo "AREA:latency_s3#${latency_c3}"
+        echo "AREA:latency_s2#${latency_c2}"
+        echo "AREA:latency_s1#${latency_c1}"
+        echo "AREA:latency_s0#${latency_c0}"
+        echo "LINE1:latency#000000:\"Latency  \""
+        echo "GPRINT:\"latency_min:%8.3lf ms\t\""
+        echo "GPRINT:\"latency_max:%8.3lf ms\t\""
+        echo "GPRINT:\"latency_avg:%8.3lf ms\t\""
+        echo "GPRINT:\"latency_last:%8.3lf ms\n\""
+
+        echo "COMMENT:\"     \""
+        echo "LINE1:stddev#${stddev_c}:\"Stddev   \""
+        echo "GPRINT:\"stddev_min:%8.3lf ms\t\""
+        echo "GPRINT:\"stddev_max:%8.3lf ms\t\""
+        echo "GPRINT:\"stddev_avg:%8.3lf ms\t\""
+        echo "GPRINT:\"stddev_last:%8.3lf ms\n\""
+
+        echo "COMMENT:\"     \""
+        echo "AREA:loss_neg#${loss_c}:\"Loss         \""
+        echo "GPRINT:\"loss_min:%4.1lf %%\t\t\""
+        echo "GPRINT:\"loss_max:%4.1lf %%\t\t\""
+        echo "GPRINT:\"loss_avg:%4.1lf %%\t\t\""
+        echo "GPRINT:\"loss_last:%4.1lf %%\n\""
+        echo "COMMENT:\" \n\""
+        echo "GPRINT:\"latency_last:Ending at %H\\:%M on %B %d, %Y\\r:strftime\""
+
+        echo ">"
+        echo "<p>"
+}
+
+(
+    echo "#!/usr/bin/rrdcgi"
+    echo "<html> <head> <title>Latency Statistics for ${rrdname}</title> </head> <body>"
+
+    gen_graph "${pngprefix}${pngname}-1.png" "${rrdprefix}${rrdname}.rrd" "now-8h" "now" "60" "Last 8 hours - 1 minute intervals"
+    gen_graph "${pngprefix}${pngname}-2.png" "${rrdprefix}${rrdname}.rrd" "now-36h" "now" "300" "Last 36 hours - 5 minute intervals"
+    gen_graph "${pngprefix}${pngname}-3.png" "${rrdprefix}${rrdname}.rrd" "now-8d" "now" "1800" "Last 8 days - 30 minute intervals"
+    gen_graph "${pngprefix}${pngname}-4.png" "${rrdprefix}${rrdname}.rrd" "now-60d" "now" "14400" "Last 60 days - 4 hour intervals"
+    gen_graph "${pngprefix}${pngname}-5.png" "${rrdprefix}${rrdname}.rrd" "now-1y" "now" "86400" "Last 1 year - 1 day intervals"
+    gen_graph "${pngprefix}${pngname}-6.png" "${rrdprefix}${rrdname}.rrd" "now-4y" "now" "86400" "Last 4 years - 1 day intervals"
+
+    echo "</body> </html>"
+) > "${pngname}.cgi"

rrd/dpinger_rrd_graph

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+if [ $# -ne 2 ]
+then
+    echo "usage: $0 rrdname pngname"
+    exit 1
+fi
+rrdname="${1}"
+pngname="${2}"
+
+# Prefixes for rrd and png files. Note that if the prefix is a directory, it must incldue the trailing slash
+# If no value is set, the files are located in the current directory
+rrdprefix=
+pngprefix=/tmp/
+
+# Graph dimensions
+graph_height=240
+graph_width=720
+#graph_height=280
+#graph_width=840
+
+# Preferred font
+font="DejaVuSansMono"
+
+# Latency breakpoints in milliseconds
+latency_s0=20
+latency_s1=40
+latency_s2=80
+latency_s3=160
+latency_s4=320
+
+# Latency colors
+latency_c0="dddddd"
+latency_c1="ddbbbb"
+latency_c2="d4aaaa"
+latency_c3="cc9999"
+latency_c4="c38888"
+latency_c5="bb7777"
+
+# Standard deviation color & opacity
+stddev_c="55333355"
+
+# Loss color
+loss_c="ee0000"
+
+
+gen_graph()
+{
+    png=$1
+    rrd=$2
+    start=$3
+    end=$4
+    step=$5
+    description=$6
+
+    rrdtool graph "${png}" \
+        --lazy \
+        --start "${start}" --end "${end}" --step "${step}" \
+        --height "${graph_height}" --width "${graph_width}" \
+        --title "Average Latency and Packet Loss - ${description}" \
+        --disable-rrdtool-tag \
+        --color BACK#ffffff \
+        --font DEFAULT:9:"${font}" \
+        --font AXIS:8:"${font}" \
+        \
+        DEF:latency_us="${rrd}":latency:AVERAGE:step="${step}" \
+        CDEF:latency=latency_us,1000,/ \
+        CDEF:latency_s0=latency,${latency_s0},MIN \
+        CDEF:latency_s1=latency,${latency_s1},MIN \
+        CDEF:latency_s2=latency,${latency_s2},MIN \
+        CDEF:latency_s3=latency,${latency_s3},MIN \
+        CDEF:latency_s4=latency,${latency_s4},MIN \
+        VDEF:latency_min=latency,MINIMUM \
+        VDEF:latency_max=latency,MAXIMUM \
+        VDEF:latency_avg=latency,AVERAGE \
+        VDEF:latency_last=latency,LAST \
+        \
+        DEF:stddev_us="${rrd}":stddev:AVERAGE:step="${step}" \
+        CDEF:stddev=stddev_us,1000,/ \
+        VDEF:stddev_min=stddev,MINIMUM \
+        VDEF:stddev_max=stddev,MAXIMUM \
+        VDEF:stddev_avg=stddev,AVERAGE \
+        VDEF:stddev_last=stddev,LAST \
+        \
+        DEF:loss="${rrd}":loss:AVERAGE:step="${step}" \
+        CDEF:loss_neg=loss,-1,* \
+        VDEF:loss_min=loss,MINIMUM \
+        VDEF:loss_max=loss,MAXIMUM \
+        VDEF:loss_avg=loss,AVERAGE \
+        VDEF:loss_last=loss,LAST \
+        \
+        COMMENT:"                         Min              Max              Avg             Last\n" \
+        \
+        COMMENT:"     " \
+        AREA:latency#${latency_c5} \
+        AREA:latency_s4#${latency_c4} \
+        AREA:latency_s3#${latency_c3} \
+        AREA:latency_s2#${latency_c2} \
+        AREA:latency_s1#${latency_c1} \
+        AREA:latency_s0#${latency_c0} \
+        LINE1:latency#000000:"Latency  " \
+        GPRINT:"latency_min:%8.3lf ms\t" \
+        GPRINT:"latency_max:%8.3lf ms\t" \
+        GPRINT:"latency_avg:%8.3lf ms\t" \
+        GPRINT:"latency_last:%8.3lf ms\n" \
+        \
+        COMMENT:"     " \
+        LINE1:stddev#${stddev_c}:"Stddev   " \
+        GPRINT:"stddev_min:%8.3lf ms\t" \
+        GPRINT:"stddev_max:%8.3lf ms\t" \
+        GPRINT:"stddev_avg:%8.3lf ms\t" \
+        GPRINT:"stddev_last:%8.3lf ms\n" \
+        \
+        COMMENT:"     " \
+        AREA:loss_neg#${loss_c}:"Loss         " \
+        GPRINT:"loss_min:%4.1lf %%\t\t" \
+        GPRINT:"loss_max:%4.1lf %%\t\t" \
+        GPRINT:"loss_avg:%4.1lf %%\t\t" \
+        GPRINT:"loss_last:%4.1lf %%\n" \
+        \
+        COMMENT:" \n" \
+        GPRINT:"latency_last:Ending at %H\:%M on %B %d, %Y\r:strftime"
+}
+
+
+gen_graph "${pngprefix}${pngname}-1.png" "${rrdprefix}${rrdname}.rrd" "now-8h" "now" "60" "Last 8 hours - 1 minute intervals"
+gen_graph "${pngprefix}${pngname}-2.png" "${rrdprefix}${rrdname}.rrd" "now-36h" "now" "300" "Last 36 hours - 5 minute intervals"
+gen_graph "${pngprefix}${pngname}-3.png" "${rrdprefix}${rrdname}.rrd" "now-8d" "now" "1800" "Last 8 days - 30 minute intervals"
+gen_graph "${pngprefix}${pngname}-4.png" "${rrdprefix}${rrdname}.rrd" "now-60d" "now" "14400" "Last 60 days - 4 hour intervals"
+gen_graph "${pngprefix}${pngname}-5.png" "${rrdprefix}${rrdname}.rrd" "now-1y" "now" "86400" "Last 1 year - 1 day intervals"
+gen_graph "${pngprefix}${pngname}-6.png" "${rrdprefix}${rrdname}.rrd" "now-4y" "now" "86400" "Last 4 years - 1 day intervals"

rrd/dpinger_rrd_update

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+if [ $# -lt 2 ]
+then
+    echo "usage: $0 rrdname targetip [dpinger options]"
+    exit 1
+fi
+name="$1"
+targetip="$2"
+shift 2
+options=$*
+
+# Where the dpinger executable is located
+dpinger=/usr/local/bin/dpinger
+
+
+rrdfile="${name}.rrd"
+
+${dpinger} -f ${options} -s 500m -t 60s -r 60s ${targetip} |
+while read -r latency stddev loss; do
+    rrdtool update "${rrdfile}" -t latency:stddev:loss "N:$latency:$stddev:$loss"
+done

rrd/sample.html

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<html>
+    <head><title>WAN Statistics</title></head>
+    <body>
+        <img src="/tmp/wan-1.png" alt="wan-1">
+        <p>
+        <img src="/tmp/wan-2.png" alt="wan-2">
+        <p>
+        <img src="/tmp/wan-3.png" alt="wan-3">
+        <p>
+        <img src="/tmp/wan-4.png" alt="wan-4">
+        <p>
+        <img src="/tmp/wan-5.png" alt="wan-5">
+        <p>
+        <img src="/tmp/wan-6.png" alt="wan-6">
+    </body>
+</html>