librenms-librenms/includes/functions.php

<?php

/**
 * LibreNMS
 *
 *   This file is part of LibreNMS.
 *
 * @package    LibreNMS
 * @subpackage functions
 * @copyright  (C) 2006 - 2012 Adam Armstrong
 *
 */

use LibreNMS\Exceptions\HostExistsException;
use LibreNMS\Exceptions\HostIpExistsException;
use LibreNMS\Exceptions\HostUnreachableException;
use LibreNMS\Exceptions\HostUnreachablePingException;
use LibreNMS\Exceptions\InvalidPortAssocModeException;
use LibreNMS\Exceptions\SnmpVersionUnsupportedException;

// Include from PEAR

include_once("Net/IPv4.php");
include_once("Net/IPv6.php");

// Includes
include_once($config['install_dir'] . "/includes/dbFacile.php");
include_once($config['install_dir'] . "/includes/common.php");
include_once($config['install_dir'] . "/includes/datastore.inc.php");
include_once($config['install_dir'] . "/includes/billing.php");
include_once($config['install_dir'] . "/includes/cisco-entities.php");
include_once($config['install_dir'] . "/includes/syslog.php");
include_once($config['install_dir'] . "/includes/rewrites.php");
include_once($config['install_dir'] . "/includes/snmp.inc.php");
include_once($config['install_dir'] . "/includes/services.inc.php");

$console_color = new Console_Color2();

function set_debug($debug)
{
    if (isset($debug)) {
        ini_set('display_errors', 1);
        ini_set('display_startup_errors', 0);
        ini_set('log_errors', 0);
        ini_set('allow_url_fopen', 0);
        ini_set('error_reporting', E_ALL);
    }
}//end set_debug()

function array_sort($array, $on, $order = SORT_ASC)
{
    $new_array = array();
    $sortable_array = array();

    if (count($array) > 0) {
        foreach ($array as $k => $v) {
            if (is_array($v)) {
                foreach ($v as $k2 => $v2) {
                    if ($k2 == $on) {
                        $sortable_array[$k] = $v2;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                $sortable_array[$k] = $v;
            }
        }

        switch ($order) {
            case SORT_ASC:
                asort($sortable_array);
                break;
            case SORT_DESC:
                arsort($sortable_array);
                break;
        }

        foreach ($sortable_array as $k => $v) {
            $new_array[$k] = $array[$k];
        }
    }
    return $new_array;
}

function mac_clean_to_readable($mac)
{
    $r = substr($mac, 0, 2);
    $r .= ":".substr($mac, 2, 2);
    $r .= ":".substr($mac, 4, 2);
    $r .= ":".substr($mac, 6, 2);
    $r .= ":".substr($mac, 8, 2);
    $r .= ":".substr($mac, 10, 2);

    return($r);
}

function only_alphanumeric($string)
{
    return preg_replace('/[^a-zA-Z0-9]/', '', $string);
}

function logfile($string)
{
    global $config;

    $fd = fopen($config['log_file'], 'a');
    fputs($fd, $string . "\n");
    fclose($fd);
}

function getHostOS($device)
{
    global $config;

    $sysDescr    = snmp_get($device, "SNMPv2-MIB::sysDescr.0", "-Ovq");
    $sysObjectId = snmp_get($device, "SNMPv2-MIB::sysObjectID.0", "-Ovqn");

    d_echo("| $sysDescr | $sysObjectId | \n");

    $pattern = $config['install_dir'] . '/includes/discovery/os/*.inc.php';
    foreach (glob($pattern) as $file) {
        include $file;
        if (isset($os)) {
            return $os;
        }
    }

    return "generic";
}

function percent_colour($perc)
{
    $r = min(255, 5 * ($perc - 25));
    $b = max(0, 255 - (5 * ($perc + 25)));

    return sprintf('#%02x%02x%02x', $r, $b, $b);
}

// Returns the last in/out errors value in RRD
function interface_errors($rrd_file, $period = '-1d')
{
    global $config;
    $errors = array();

    $cmd = $config['rrdtool']." fetch -s $period -e -300s $rrd_file AVERAGE | grep : | cut -d\" \" -f 4,5";
    $data = trim(shell_exec($cmd));
    $in_errors = 0;
    $out_errors = 0;
    foreach (explode("\n", $data) as $entry) {
        list($in, $out) = explode(" ", $entry);
        $in_errors += ($in * 300);
        $out_errors += ($out * 300);
    }
    $errors['in'] = round($in_errors);
    $errors['out'] = round($out_errors);

    return $errors;
}

function getImage($device)
{
    return '<img src="' . getImageSrc($device) . '" />';
}

function getImageSrc($device)
{
    global $config;

    return 'images/os/' . getImageName($device) . '.png';
}

function getImageName($device, $use_database = true)
{
    global $config;

    $device['os'] = strtolower($device['os']);

    // fetch from the database
    if ($use_database && !empty($device['icon']) && file_exists($config['html_dir'] . "/images/os/" . $device['icon'] . ".png")) {
        return $device['icon'];
    }

    // linux specific handling, distro icons
    if ($device['os'] == "linux") {
        $features = strtolower(trim($device['features']));
        list($distro) = explode(" ", $features);
        if (file_exists($config['html_dir'] . "/images/os/$distro" . ".png")) {
            return $distro;
        }
    }

    // use the icon from os config
    if (!empty($config['os'][$device['os']]['icon']) && file_exists($config['html_dir'] . "/images/os/" . $config['os'][$device['os']]['icon'] . ".png")) {
        return $config['os'][$device['os']]['icon'];
    }

    // guess the icon has the same name as the os
    if (file_exists($config['html_dir'] . '/images/os/' . $device['os'] . '.png')) {
        return $device['os'];
    }

    // fallback to the generic icon
    return 'generic';
}

function renamehost($id, $new, $source = 'console')
{
    global $config;

    $host = dbFetchCell("SELECT `hostname` FROM `devices` WHERE `device_id` = ?", array($id));
    if (!is_dir($config['rrd_dir']."/$new") && rename($config['rrd_dir']."/$host", $config['rrd_dir']."/$new") === true) {
        dbUpdate(array('hostname' => $new), 'devices', 'device_id=?', array($id));
        log_event("Hostname changed -> $new ($source)", $id, 'system');
    } else {
        echo "Renaming of $host failed\n";
        log_event("Renaming of $host failed", $id, 'system');
    }
}

function delete_device($id)
{
    global $config, $debug;
    $ret = '';

    $host = dbFetchCell("SELECT hostname FROM devices WHERE device_id = ?", array($id));
    if (empty($host)) {
        return "No such host.";
    }

    // Remove IPv4/IPv6 addresses before removing ports as they depend on port_id
    dbQuery("DELETE `ipv4_addresses` FROM `ipv4_addresses` INNER JOIN `ports` ON `ports`.`port_id`=`ipv4_addresses`.`port_id` WHERE `device_id`=?", array($id));
    dbQuery("DELETE `ipv6_addresses` FROM `ipv6_addresses` INNER JOIN `ports` ON `ports`.`port_id`=`ipv6_addresses`.`port_id` WHERE `device_id`=?", array($id));

    foreach (dbFetch("SELECT * FROM `ports` WHERE `device_id` = ?", array($id)) as $int_data) {
        $int_if = $int_data['ifDescr'];
        $int_id = $int_data['port_id'];
        delete_port($int_id);
        $ret .= "Removed interface $int_id ($int_if)\n";
    }

    $fields = array('device_id','host');
    foreach ($fields as $field) {
        foreach (dbFetch("SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_schema = ? AND column_name = ?", array($config['db_name'],$field)) as $table) {
            $table = $table['table_name'];
            $entries = (int) dbDelete($table, "`$field` =  ?", array($id));
            if ($entries > 0 && $debug === true) {
                $ret .= "$field@$table = #$entries\n";
            }
        }
    }

    $ex = shell_exec("bash -c '( [ ! -d ".trim($config['rrd_dir'])."/".$host." ] || rm -vrf ".trim($config['rrd_dir'])."/".$host." 2>&1 ) && echo -n OK'");
    $tmp = explode("\n", $ex);
    if ($tmp[sizeof($tmp)-1] != "OK") {
        $ret .= "Could not remove files:\n$ex\n";
    }

    $ret .= "Removed device $host\n";
    log_event("Device $host has been removed", 0, 'system');
    return $ret;
}

/**
 * Add a device to LibreNMS
 *
 * @param string $host dns name or ip address
 * @param string $snmp_version If this is empty, try v2c,v3,v1.  Otherwise, use this specific version.
 * @param string $port the port to connect to for snmp
 * @param string $transport udp or tcp
 * @param string $poller_group the poller group this device will belong to
 * @param boolean $force_add add even if the device isn't reachable
 * @param string $port_assoc_mode snmp field to use to determine unique ports
 *
 * @return int returns the device_id of the added device
 *
 * @throws HostExistsException This hostname already exists
 * @throws HostIpExistsException We already have a host with this IP
 * @throws HostUnreachableException We could not reach this device is some way
 * @throws HostUnreachablePingException We could not ping the device
 * @throws InvalidPortAssocModeException The given port association mode was invalid
 * @throws SnmpVersionUnsupportedException The given snmp version was invalid
 */
function addHost($host, $snmp_version = '', $port = '161', $transport = 'udp', $poller_group = '0', $force_add = false, $port_assoc_mode = 'ifIndex')
{
    global $config;

    // Test Database Exists
    if (host_exists($host) === true) {
        throw new HostExistsException("Already have host $host");
    }

    // Valid port assoc mode
    if (!is_valid_port_assoc_mode($port_assoc_mode)) {
        throw new InvalidPortAssocModeException("Invalid port association_mode '$port_assoc_mode'. Valid modes are: " . join(', ', get_port_assoc_modes()));
    }

    // check if we have the host by IP
    if ($config['addhost_alwayscheckip'] === true) {
        $ip = gethostbyname($host);
    } else {
        $ip = $host;
    }
    if (ip_exists($ip)) {
        throw new HostIpExistsException("Already have host with this IP $host");
    }

    // Test reachability
    if (!$force_add) {
        $address_family = snmpTransportToAddressFamily($transport);
        $ping_result = isPingable($host, $address_family);
        if (!$ping_result['result']) {
            throw new HostUnreachablePingException("Could not ping $host");
        }
    }

    // if $snmpver isn't set, try each version of snmp
    if (empty($snmp_version)) {
        $snmpvers = array('v2c', 'v3', 'v1');
    } else {
        $snmpvers = array($snmp_version);
    }

    $host_unreachable_exception = new HostUnreachableException("Could not connect, please check the snmp details and snmp reachability");
    // try different snmp variables to add the device
    foreach ($snmpvers as $snmpver) {
        if ($snmpver === "v3") {
            // Try each set of parameters from config
            foreach ($config['snmp']['v3'] as $v3) {
                $device = deviceArray($host, null, $snmpver, $port, $transport, $v3, $port_assoc_mode);
                if ($force_add || isSNMPable($device)) {
                    $snmphost = snmp_get($device, "sysName.0", "-Oqv", "SNMPv2-MIB");
                    $result = createHost($host, null, $snmpver, $port, $transport, $v3, $poller_group, $port_assoc_mode, $snmphost);
                    if ($result !== false) {
                        return $result;
                    }
                } else {
                    $host_unreachable_exception->addReason("SNMP $snmpver: No reply with credentials " . $v3['authname'] . "/" . $v3['authlevel']);
                }
            }
        } elseif ($snmpver === "v2c" || $snmpver === "v1") {
            // try each community from config
            foreach ($config['snmp']['community'] as $community) {
                $device = deviceArray($host, $community, $snmpver, $port, $transport, null, $port_assoc_mode);

                if ($force_add || isSNMPable($device)) {
                    $snmphost = snmp_get($device, "sysName.0", "-Oqv", "SNMPv2-MIB");
                    $result = createHost($host, $community, $snmpver, $port, $transport, array(), $poller_group, $port_assoc_mode, $snmphost);
                    if ($result !== false) {
                        return $result;
                    }
                } else {
                    $host_unreachable_exception->addReason("SNMP $snmpver: No reply with community $community");
                }
            }
        } else {
            throw new SnmpVersionUnsupportedException("Unsupported SNMP Version \"$snmpver\", must be v1, v2c, or v3");
        }
    }

    throw $host_unreachable_exception;
}

function deviceArray($host, $community, $snmpver, $port = 161, $transport = 'udp', $v3 = array(), $port_assoc_mode = 'ifIndex')
{
    $device = array();
    $device['hostname'] = $host;
    $device['port'] = $port;
    $device['transport'] = $transport;

    /* Get port_assoc_mode id if neccessary
     * We can work with names of IDs here */
    if (! is_int($port_assoc_mode)) {
        $port_assoc_mode = get_port_assoc_mode_id($port_assoc_mode);
    }
    $device['port_association_mode'] = $port_assoc_mode;

    $device['snmpver'] = $snmpver;
    if ($snmpver === "v2c" or $snmpver === "v1") {
        $device['community'] = $community;
    } elseif ($snmpver === "v3") {
        $device['authlevel']  = $v3['authlevel'];
        $device['authname']   = $v3['authname'];
        $device['authpass']   = $v3['authpass'];
        $device['authalgo']   = $v3['authalgo'];
        $device['cryptopass'] = $v3['cryptopass'];
        $device['cryptoalgo'] = $v3['cryptoalgo'];
    }

    return $device;
}

function netmask2cidr($netmask)
{
    $addr = Net_IPv4::parseAddress("1.2.3.4/$netmask");
    return $addr->bitmask;
}

function cidr2netmask($netmask)
{
    return (long2ip(ip2long("255.255.255.255") << (32-$netmask)));
}

function formatUptime($diff, $format = "long")
{
    $yearsDiff = floor($diff/31536000);
    $diff -= $yearsDiff*31536000;
    $daysDiff = floor($diff/86400);
    $diff -= $daysDiff*86400;
    $hrsDiff = floor($diff/60/60);
    $diff -= $hrsDiff*60*60;
    $minsDiff = floor($diff/60);
    $diff -= $minsDiff*60;
    $secsDiff = $diff;

    $uptime = "";

    if ($format == "short") {
        if ($yearsDiff > '0') {
            $uptime .= $yearsDiff . "y ";
        }
        if ($daysDiff > '0') {
            $uptime .= $daysDiff . "d ";
        }
        if ($hrsDiff > '0') {
            $uptime .= $hrsDiff . "h ";
        }
        if ($minsDiff > '0') {
            $uptime .= $minsDiff . "m ";
        }
        if ($secsDiff > '0') {
            $uptime .= $secsDiff . "s ";
        }
    } else {
        if ($yearsDiff > '0') {
            $uptime .= $yearsDiff . " years, ";
        }
        if ($daysDiff > '0') {
            $uptime .= $daysDiff . " day" . ($daysDiff != 1 ? 's' : '') . ", ";
        }
        if ($hrsDiff > '0') {
            $uptime .= $hrsDiff     . "h ";
        }
        if ($minsDiff > '0') {
            $uptime .= $minsDiff   . "m ";
        }
        if ($secsDiff > '0') {
            $uptime .= $secsDiff   . "s ";
        }
    }
    return trim($uptime);
}

function isSNMPable($device)
{
    global $config;

    $pos = snmp_get($device, "sysObjectID.0", "-Oqv", "SNMPv2-MIB");
    if (empty($pos)) {
        // Support for Hikvision
        $pos = snmp_get($device, "SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.39165.1.1.0", "-Oqv", "SNMPv2-MIB");
    }
    if ($pos === '' || $pos === false) {
        return false;
    } else {
        return true;
    }
}

/**
 * Check if the given host responds to ICMP echo requests ("pings").
 *
 * @param string $hostname The hostname or IP address to send ping requests to.
 * @param int $address_family The address family (AF_INET for IPv4 or AF_INET6 for IPv6) to use. Defaults to IPv4. Will *not* be autodetected for IP addresses, so it has to be set to AF_INET6 when pinging an IPv6 address or an IPv6-only host.
 * @param array $attribs The device attributes
 *
 * @return array  'result' => bool pingable, 'last_ping_timetaken' => int time for last ping, 'db' => fping results
 */
function isPingable($hostname, $address_family = AF_INET, $attribs = array())
{
    global $config;

    $response = array();
    if (can_ping_device($attribs) === true) {
        $fping_params = '';
        if (is_numeric($config['fping_options']['retries']) || $config['fping_options']['retries'] > 1) {
            $fping_params .= ' -r ' . $config['fping_options']['retries'];
        }
        if (is_numeric($config['fping_options']['timeout']) || $config['fping_options']['timeout'] > 1) {
            $fping_params .= ' -t ' . $config['fping_options']['timeout'];
        }
        if (is_numeric($config['fping_options']['count']) || $config['fping_options']['count'] > 0) {
            $fping_params .= ' -c ' . $config['fping_options']['count'];
        }
        if (is_numeric($config['fping_options']['millisec']) || $config['fping_options']['millisec'] > 0) {
            $fping_params .= ' -p ' . $config['fping_options']['millisec'];
        }
        $status = fping($hostname, $fping_params, $address_family);
        if ($status['loss'] == 100) {
            $response['result'] = false;
        } else {
            $response['result'] = true;
        }
        if (is_numeric($status['avg'])) {
            $response['last_ping_timetaken'] = $status['avg'];
        }
        $response['db'] = $status;
    } else {
        $response['result'] = true;
        $response['last_ping_timetaken'] = 0;
    }
    return($response);
}

function getpollergroup($poller_group = '0')
{
    //Is poller group an integer
    if (is_int($poller_group) || ctype_digit($poller_group)) {
        return $poller_group;
    } else {
        //Check if it contains a comma
        if (strpos($poller_group, ',')!== false) {
            //If it has a comma use the first element as the poller group
            $poller_group_array=explode(',', $poller_group);
            return getpollergroup($poller_group_array[0]);
        } else {
            if ($config['distributed_poller_group']) {
                //If not use the poller's group from the config
                return getpollergroup($config['distributed_poller_group']);
            } else {
                //If all else fails use default
                return '0';
            }
        }
    }
}

function createHost($host, $community, $snmpver, $port = 161, $transport = 'udp', $v3 = array(), $poller_group = '0', $port_assoc_mode = 'ifIndex', $snmphost = '')
{
    global $config;
    $host = trim(strtolower($host));

    $poller_group=getpollergroup($poller_group);

    /* Get port_assoc_mode id if necessary
     * We can work with names of IDs here */
    if (! is_int($port_assoc_mode)) {
        $port_assoc_mode = get_port_assoc_mode_id($port_assoc_mode);
    }

    $device = array('hostname' => $host,
        'sysName' => $host,
        'community' => $community,
        'port' => $port,
        'transport' => $transport,
        'status' => '1',
        'snmpver' => $snmpver,
        'poller_group' => $poller_group,
        'status_reason' => '',
        'port_association_mode' => $port_assoc_mode,
    );

    $device = array_merge($device, $v3);

    $device['os'] = getHostOS($device);

    if ($device['os']) {
        if (host_exists($host, $snmphost) === false) {
            $device_id = dbInsert($device, 'devices');
            if ($device_id) {
                oxidized_reload_nodes();
                return $device_id;
            }
        }
    }

    // couldn't add the device
    return false;
}

function isDomainResolves($domain)
{
    return (gethostbyname($domain) != $domain || count(dns_get_record($domain)) != 0);
}

function hoststatus($id)
{
    return dbFetchCell("SELECT `status` FROM `devices` WHERE `device_id` = ?", array($id));
}

function match_network($nets, $ip, $first = false)
{
    $return = false;
    if (!is_array($nets)) {
        $nets = array ($nets);
    }
    foreach ($nets as $net) {
        $rev = (preg_match("/^\!/", $net)) ? true : false;
        $net = preg_replace("/^\!/", "", $net);
        $ip_arr  = explode('/', $net);
        $net_long = ip2long($ip_arr[0]);
        $x        = ip2long($ip_arr[1]);
        $mask    = long2ip($x) == $ip_arr[1] ? $x : 0xffffffff << (32 - $ip_arr[1]);
        $ip_long  = ip2long($ip);
        if ($rev) {
            if (($ip_long & $mask) == ($net_long & $mask)) {
                return false;
            }
        } else {
            if (($ip_long & $mask) == ($net_long & $mask)) {
                $return = true;
            }
            if ($first && $return) {
                return true;
            }
        }
    }

    return $return;
}

function snmp2ipv6($ipv6_snmp)
{
    $ipv6 = explode('.', $ipv6_snmp);
    $ipv6_2 = array();

    # Workaround stupid Microsoft bug in Windows 2008 -- this is fixed length!
    # < fenestro> "because whoever implemented this mib for Microsoft was ignorant of RFC 2578 section 7.7 (2)"
    if (count($ipv6) == 17 && $ipv6[0] == 16) {
        array_shift($ipv6);
    }

    for ($i = 0; $i <= 15; $i++) {
        $ipv6[$i] = zeropad(dechex($ipv6[$i]));
    }
    for ($i = 0; $i <= 15; $i+=2) {
        $ipv6_2[] = $ipv6[$i] . $ipv6[$i+1];
    }

    return implode(':', $ipv6_2);
}

function ipv62snmp($ipv6)
{
    $ipv6_split = array();
    $ipv6_ex = explode(':', Net_IPv6::uncompress($ipv6));
    for ($i = 0; $i < 8; $i++) {
        $ipv6_ex[$i] = zeropad($ipv6_ex[$i], 4);
    }
    $ipv6_ip = implode('', $ipv6_ex);
    for ($i = 0; $i < 32;
    $i+=2) {
        $ipv6_split[] = hexdec(substr($ipv6_ip, $i, 2));
    }

    return implode('.', $ipv6_split);
}

function get_astext($asn)
{
    global $config,$cache;

    if (isset($config['astext'][$asn])) {
        return $config['astext'][$asn];
    } else {
        if (isset($cache['astext'][$asn])) {
            return $cache['astext'][$asn];
        } else {
            $result = dns_get_record("AS$asn.asn.cymru.com", DNS_TXT);
            $txt = explode('|', $result[0]['txt']);
            $result = trim(str_replace('"', '', $txt[4]));
            $cache['astext'][$asn] = $result;
            return $result;
        }
    }
}

# Use this function to write to the eventlog table
function log_event($text, $device = null, $type = null, $reference = null)
{
    if (!is_array($device)) {
        $device = device_by_id_cache($device);
    }

    $insert = array('host' => ($device['device_id'] ? $device['device_id'] : 0),
        'device_id' => ($device['device_id'] ? $device['device_id'] : 0),
        'reference' => ($reference ? $reference : "NULL"),
        'type' => ($type ? $type : "NULL"),
        'datetime' => array("NOW()"),
        'message' => $text);

    dbInsert($insert, 'eventlog');
}

// Parse string with emails. Return array with email (as key) and name (as value)
function parse_email($emails)
{
    $result = array();
    $regex = '/^[\"\']?([^\"\']+)[\"\']?\s{0,}<([^@]+@[^>]+)>$/';
    if (is_string($emails)) {
        $emails = preg_split('/[,;]\s{0,}/', $emails);
        foreach ($emails as $email) {
            if (preg_match($regex, $email, $out, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE)) {
                $result[$out[2][0]] = $out[1][0];
            } else {
                if (strpos($email, "@")) {
                    $result[$email] = null;
                }
            }
        }
    } else {
        // Return FALSE if input not string
        return false;
    }
    return $result;
}

function send_mail($emails, $subject, $message, $html = false)
{
    global $config;
    if (is_array($emails) || ($emails = parse_email($emails))) {
        $mail = new PHPMailer();
        $mail->Hostname = php_uname('n');
        if (empty($config['email_from'])) {
            $config['email_from'] = '"' . $config['project_name'] . '" <' . $config['email_user'] . '@'.$mail->Hostname.'>';
        }
        foreach (parse_email($config['email_from']) as $from => $from_name) {
            $mail->setFrom($from, $from_name);
        }
        foreach ($emails as $email => $email_name) {
            $mail->addAddress($email, $email_name);
        }
        $mail->Subject = $subject;
        $mail->XMailer = $config['project_name_version'];
        $mail->CharSet = 'utf-8';
        $mail->WordWrap = 76;
        $mail->Body = $message;
        if ($html) {
            $mail->isHTML(true);
        }
        switch (strtolower(trim($config['email_backend']))) {
            case 'sendmail':
                $mail->Mailer = 'sendmail';
                $mail->Sendmail = $config['email_sendmail_path'];
                break;
            case 'smtp':
                $mail->isSMTP();
                $mail->Host       = $config['email_smtp_host'];
                $mail->Timeout    = $config['email_smtp_timeout'];
                $mail->SMTPAuth   = $config['email_smtp_auth'];
                $mail->SMTPSecure = $config['email_smtp_secure'];
                $mail->Port       = $config['email_smtp_port'];
                $mail->Username   = $config['email_smtp_username'];
                $mail->Password   = $config['email_smtp_password'];
                $mail->SMTPDebug  = false;
                break;
            default:
                $mail->Mailer = 'mail';
                break;
        }
        return $mail->send() ? true : $mail->ErrorInfo;
    }
}

function formatCiscoHardware(&$device, $short = false)
{
    if ($device['os'] == "ios") {
        if ($device['hardware']) {
            if (preg_match("/^WS-C([A-Za-z0-9]+).*/", $device['hardware'], $matches)) {
                if (!$short) {
                    $device['hardware'] = "Cisco " . $matches[1] . " (" . $device['hardware'] . ")";
                } else {
                    $device['hardware'] = "Cisco " . $matches[1];
                }
            } elseif (preg_match("/^CISCO([0-9]+)$/", $device['hardware'], $matches)) {
                $device['hardware'] = "Cisco " . $matches[1];
            }
        } else {
            if (preg_match("/Cisco IOS Software, C([A-Za-z0-9]+) Software.*/", $device['sysDescr'], $matches)) {
                $device['hardware'] = "Cisco " . $matches[1];
            } elseif (preg_match("/Cisco IOS Software, ([0-9]+) Software.*/", $device['sysDescr'], $matches)) {
                $device['hardware'] = "Cisco " . $matches[1];
            }
        }
    }
}

# from http://ditio.net/2008/11/04/php-string-to-hex-and-hex-to-string-functions/
function hex2str($hex)
{
    $string='';

    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($hex)-1; $i+=2) {
        $string .= chr(hexdec($hex[$i].$hex[$i+1]));
    }

    return $string;
}

# Convert an SNMP hex string to regular string
function snmp_hexstring($hex)
{
    return hex2str(str_replace(' ', '', str_replace(' 00', '', $hex)));
}

# Check if the supplied string is an SNMP hex string
function isHexString($str)
{
    return preg_match("/^[a-f0-9][a-f0-9]( [a-f0-9][a-f0-9])*$/is", trim($str));
}

# Include all .inc.php files in $dir
function include_dir($dir, $regex = "")
{
    global $device, $config, $valid;

    if ($regex == "") {
        $regex = "/\.inc\.php$/";
    }

    if ($handle = opendir($config['install_dir'] . '/' . $dir)) {
        while (false !== ($file = readdir($handle))) {
            if (filetype($config['install_dir'] . '/' . $dir . '/' . $file) == 'file' && preg_match($regex, $file)) {
                d_echo("Including: " . $config['install_dir'] . '/' . $dir . '/' . $file . "\n");

                include($config['install_dir'] . '/' . $dir . '/' . $file);
            }
        }

        closedir($handle);
    }
}

function is_port_valid($port, $device)
{

    global $config;

    if (strstr($port['ifDescr'], "irtual") && strpos($port['ifDescr'], "Virtual Services Platform") === false) {
        $valid = 0;
    } else {
        $valid = 1;
        $if = strtolower($port['ifDescr']);
        $ifname = strtolower($port['ifName']);
        $ifalias = strtolower($port['ifAlias']);
        $fringe = $config['bad_if'];
        if (is_array($config['os'][$device['os']]['bad_if'])) {
            $fringe = array_merge($config['bad_if'], $config['os'][$device['os']]['bad_if']);
        }
        foreach ($fringe as $bi) {
            if (stristr($if, $bi)) {
                $valid = 0;
                d_echo("ignored : $bi : $if");
            }
        }
        if (is_array($config['bad_if_regexp'])) {
            $fringe = $config['bad_if_regexp'];
            if (is_array($config['os'][$device['os']]['bad_if_regexp'])) {
                $fringe = array_merge($config['bad_if_regexp'], $config['os'][$device['os']]['bad_if_regexp']);
            }
            foreach ($fringe as $bi) {
                if (preg_match($bi ."i", $if)) {
                    $valid = 0;
                    d_echo("ignored : $bi : ".$if);
                }
            }
        }
        if (is_array($config['bad_ifname_regexp'])) {
            $fringe = $config['bad_ifname_regexp'];
            if (is_array($config['os'][$device['os']]['bad_ifname_regexp'])) {
                $fringe = array_merge($config['bad_ifname_regexp'], $config['os'][$device['os']]['bad_ifname_regexp']);
            }
            foreach ($fringe as $bi) {
                if (preg_match($bi ."i", $ifname)) {
                    $valid = 0;
                    d_echo("ignored : $bi : ".$ifname);
                }
            }
        }
        if (is_array($config['bad_ifalias_regexp'])) {
            $fringe = $config['bad_ifalias_regexp'];
            if (is_array($config['os'][$device['os']]['bad_ifalias_regexp'])) {
                $fringe = array_merge($config['bad_ifalias_regexp'], $config['os'][$device['os']]['bad_ifalias_regexp']);
            }
            foreach ($fringe as $bi) {
                if (preg_match($bi ."i", $ifalias)) {
                    $valid = 0;
                    d_echo("ignored : $bi : ".$ifalias);
                }
            }
        }
        if (is_array($config['bad_iftype'])) {
            $fringe = $config['bad_iftype'];
            if (is_array($config['os'][$device['os']]['bad_iftype'])) {
                $fringe = array_merge($config['bad_iftype'], $config['os'][$device['os']]['bad_iftype']);
            }
            foreach ($fringe as $bi) {
                if (stristr($port['ifType'], $bi)) {
                    $valid = 0;
                    d_echo("ignored ifType : ".$port['ifType']." (matched: ".$bi." )");
                }
            }
        }
        if (empty($port['ifDescr']) && !$config['os'][$device['os']]['empty_ifdescr']) {
            $valid = 0;
        }
        if ($device['os'] == "catos" && strstr($if, "vlan")) {
            $valid = 0;
        }
        if ($device['os'] == "dlink") {
            $valid = 1;
        }
    }

    return $valid;
}

function scan_new_plugins()
{

    global $config;

    $installed = 0; // Track how many plugins we install.

    if (file_exists($config['plugin_dir'])) {
        $plugin_files = scandir($config['plugin_dir']);
        foreach ($plugin_files as $name) {
            if (is_dir($config['plugin_dir'].'/'.$name)) {
                if ($name != '.' && $name != '..') {
                    if (is_file($config['plugin_dir'].'/'.$name.'/'.$name.'.php') && is_file($config['plugin_dir'].'/'.$name.'/'.$name.'.inc.php')) {
                        $plugin_id = dbFetchRow("SELECT `plugin_id` FROM `plugins` WHERE `plugin_name` = '$name'");
                        if (empty($plugin_id)) {
                            if (dbInsert(array('plugin_name' => $name, 'plugin_active' => '0'), 'plugins')) {
                                $installed++;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return( $installed );
}

function validate_device_id($id)
{

    global $config;
    if (empty($id) || !is_numeric($id)) {
        $return = false;
    } else {
        $device_id = dbFetchCell("SELECT `device_id` FROM `devices` WHERE `device_id` = ?", array($id));
        if ($device_id == $id) {
            $return = true;
        } else {
            $return = false;
        }
    }
    return($return);
}

// The original source of this code is from Stackoverflow (www.stackoverflow.com).
// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6054033/pretty-printing-json-with-php
// Answer provided by stewe (http://stackoverflow.com/users/3202187/ulk200
if (!defined('JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES')) {
    define('JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES', 64);
}
if (!defined('JSON_PRETTY_PRINT')) {
    define('JSON_PRETTY_PRINT', 128);
}
if (!defined('JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE')) {
    define('JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE', 256);
}

function _json_encode($data, $options = 448)
{
    if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.4', '>=')) {
        return json_encode($data, $options);
    } else {
        return _json_format(json_encode($data), $options);
    }
}

function _json_format($json, $options = 448)
{
    $prettyPrint = (bool) ($options & JSON_PRETTY_PRINT);
    $unescapeUnicode = (bool) ($options & JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
    $unescapeSlashes = (bool) ($options & JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);

    if (!$prettyPrint && !$unescapeUnicode && !$unescapeSlashes) {
        return $json;
    }

    $result = '';
    $pos = 0;
    $strLen = strlen($json);
    $indentStr = ' ';
    $newLine = "\n";
    $outOfQuotes = true;
    $buffer = '';
    $noescape = true;

    for ($i = 0; $i < $strLen; $i++) {
        // Grab the next character in the string
        $char = substr($json, $i, 1);

        // Are we inside a quoted string?
        if ('"' === $char && $noescape) {
            $outOfQuotes = !$outOfQuotes;
        }

        if (!$outOfQuotes) {
            $buffer .= $char;
            $noescape = '\\' === $char ? !$noescape : true;
            continue;
        } elseif ('' !== $buffer) {
            if ($unescapeSlashes) {
                $buffer = str_replace('\\/', '/', $buffer);
            }

            if ($unescapeUnicode && function_exists('mb_convert_encoding')) {
                // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2934563/how-to-decode-unicode-escape-sequences-like-u00ed-to-proper-utf-8-encoded-cha
                $buffer = preg_replace_callback(
                    '/\\\\u([0-9a-f]{4})/i',
                    function ($match) {
                        return mb_convert_encoding(pack('H*', $match[1]), 'UTF-8', 'UCS-2BE');
                    },
                    $buffer
                );
            }

            $result .= $buffer . $char;
            $buffer = '';
            continue;
        } elseif (false !== strpos(" \t\r\n", $char)) {
            continue;
        }

        if (':' === $char) {
            // Add a space after the : character
            $char .= ' ';
        } elseif (('}' === $char || ']' === $char)) {
            $pos--;
            $prevChar = substr($json, $i - 1, 1);

            if ('{' !== $prevChar && '[' !== $prevChar) {
                // If this character is the end of an element,
                // output a new line and indent the next line
                $result .= $newLine;
                for ($j = 0; $j < $pos; $j++) {
                    $result .= $indentStr;
                }
            } else {
                // Collapse empty {} and []
                $result = rtrim($result) . "\n\n" . $indentStr;
            }
        }

        $result .= $char;

        // If the last character was the beginning of an element,
        // output a new line and indent the next line
        if (',' === $char || '{' === $char || '[' === $char) {
            $result .= $newLine;

            if ('{' === $char || '[' === $char) {
                $pos++;
            }

            for ($j = 0; $j < $pos; $j++) {
                $result .= $indentStr;
            }
        }
    }
    // If buffer not empty after formating we have an unclosed quote
    if (strlen($buffer) > 0) {
        //json is incorrectly formatted
        $result = false;
    }

    return $result;
}

function convert_delay($delay)
{
    $delay = preg_replace('/\s/', '', $delay);
    if (strstr($delay, 'm', true)) {
        $delay_sec = $delay * 60;
    } elseif (strstr($delay, 'h', true)) {
        $delay_sec = $delay * 3600;
    } elseif (strstr($delay, 'd', true)) {
        $delay_sec = $delay * 86400;
    } elseif (is_numeric($delay)) {
        $delay_sec = $delay;
    } else {
        $delay_sec = 300;
    }
    return($delay_sec);
}

function guidv4($data)
{
    // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2040240/php-function-to-generate-v4-uuid#15875555
    // From: Jack http://stackoverflow.com/users/1338292/ja%CD%A2ck
    assert(strlen($data) == 16);

    $data[6] = chr(ord($data[6]) & 0x0f | 0x40); // set version to 0100
    $data[8] = chr(ord($data[8]) & 0x3f | 0x80); // set bits 6-7 to 10

    return vsprintf('%s%s-%s-%s-%s-%s%s%s', str_split(bin2hex($data), 4));
}

function set_curl_proxy($post)
{
    global $config;
    if (isset($_ENV['https_proxy'])) {
        $tmp = rtrim($_ENV['https_proxy'], "/");
        $proxystr = str_replace(array("http://", "https://"), "", $tmp);
        $config['callback_proxy'] = $proxystr;
        echo "Setting proxy to ".$proxystr." (from https_proxy=".$_ENV['https_proxy'].")\n";
    }
    if (isset($config['callback_proxy'])) {
        echo "Using ".$config['callback_proxy']." as proxy\n";
        curl_setopt($post, CURLOPT_PROXY, $config['callback_proxy']);
    }
}

function target_to_id($target)
{
    if ($target[0].$target[1] == "g:") {
        $target = "g".dbFetchCell('SELECT id FROM device_groups WHERE name = ?', array(substr($target, 2)));
    } else {
        $target = dbFetchCell('SELECT device_id FROM devices WHERE hostname = ?', array($target));
    }
    return $target;
}

function id_to_target($id)
{
    if ($id[0] == "g") {
        $id = 'g:'.dbFetchCell("SELECT name FROM device_groups WHERE id = ?", array(substr($id, 1)));
    } else {
        $id = dbFetchCell("SELECT hostname FROM devices WHERE device_id = ?", array($id));
    }
    return $id;
}

function first_oid_match($device, $list)
{
    foreach ($list as $item) {
        $tmp = trim(snmp_get($device, $item, "-Ovq"), '" ');
        if (!empty($tmp)) {
            return $tmp;
        }
    }
}

function hex_to_ip($hex)
{
    $return = "";
    if (filter_var($hex, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_IPV4) === false && filter_var($hex, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_IPV6) === false) {
        $hex_exp = explode(' ', $hex);
        foreach ($hex_exp as $item) {
            if (!empty($item) && $item != "\"") {
                $return .= hexdec($item).'.';
            }
        }
        $return = substr($return, 0, -1);
    } else {
        $return = $hex;
    }
    return $return;
}
function fix_integer_value($value)
{
    if ($value < 0) {
        $return = 4294967296+$value;
    } else {
        $return = $value;
    }
    return $return;
}

function ip_exists($ip)
{
    // Function to check if an IP exists in the DB already
    if (filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_IPV6) !== false) {
        $dbresult = dbFetchRow("SELECT `ipv6_address_id` FROM `ipv6_addresses` WHERE `ipv6_address` = ? OR `ipv6_compressed` = ?", array($ip, $ip));
        return !empty($dbresult);
    } elseif (filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_IPV4) !== false) {
        $dbresult = dbFetchRow("SELECT `ipv4_address_id` FROM `ipv4_addresses` WHERE `ipv4_address` = ?", array($ip));
        return !empty($dbresult);
    }

    // not an ipv4 or ipv6 address...
    return false;
}

function fping($host, $params, $address_family = AF_INET)
{

    global $config;

    $descriptorspec = array(
        0 => array("pipe", "r"),
        1 => array("pipe", "w"),
        2 => array("pipe", "w")
    );

    // Default to AF_INET (IPv4)
    $fping_path = $config['fping'];
    if ($address_family == AF_INET6) {
        $fping_path = $config['fping6'];
    }

    $process = proc_open($fping_path . ' -e -q ' .$params . ' ' .$host.' 2>&1', $descriptorspec, $pipes);
    $read = '';

    if (is_resource($process)) {
        fclose($pipes[0]);

        while (!feof($pipes[1])) {
            $read .= fgets($pipes[1], 1024);
        }
        fclose($pipes[1]);
        proc_close($process);
    }

    preg_match('/[0-9]+\/[0-9]+\/[0-9]+%/', $read, $loss_tmp);
    preg_match('/[0-9\.]+\/[0-9\.]+\/[0-9\.]*$/', $read, $latency);
    $loss = preg_replace("/%/", "", $loss_tmp[0]);
    list($xmt,$rcv,$loss) = preg_split("/\//", $loss);
    list($min,$avg,$max) = preg_split("/\//", $latency[0]);
    if ($loss < 0) {
        $xmt = 1;
        $rcv = 1;
        $loss = 100;
    }
    $response = array('xmt'=>$xmt,'rcv'=>$rcv,'loss'=>$loss,'min'=>$min,'max'=>$max,'avg'=>$avg);
    return $response;
}

function function_check($function)
{
    return function_exists($function);
}

function force_influx_data($data)
{
   /*
    * It is not trivial to detect if something is a float or an integer, and
    * therefore may cause breakages on inserts.
    * Just setting every number to a float gets around this, but may introduce
    * inefficiencies.
    * I've left the detection statement in there for a possible change in future,
    * but currently everything just gets set to a float.
    */

    if (is_numeric($data)) {
        // If it is an Integer
        if (ctype_digit($data)) {
            return floatval($data);
        // Else it is a float
        } else {
            return floatval($data);
        }
    } else {
        return $data;
    }
}// end force_influx_data

/**
 * Try to determine the address family (IPv4 or IPv6) associated with an SNMP
 * transport specifier (like "udp", "udp6", etc.).
 *
 * @param string $transport The SNMP transport specifier, for example "udp",
 *                          "udp6", "tcp", or "tcp6". See `man snmpcmd`,
 *                          section "Agent Specification" for a full list.
 *
 * @return int The address family associated with the given transport
 *             specifier: AF_INET for IPv4 (or local connections not associated
 *             with an IP stack), AF_INET6 for IPv6.
 */
function snmpTransportToAddressFamily($transport)
{
    if (!isset($transport)) {
        $transport = 'udp';
    }

    $ipv6_snmp_transport_specifiers = array('udp6', 'udpv6', 'udpipv6', 'tcp6', 'tcpv6', 'tcpipv6');

    if (in_array($transport, $ipv6_snmp_transport_specifiers)) {
        return AF_INET6;
    } else {
        return AF_INET;
    }
}

/**
 * Checks if the $hostname provided exists in the DB already
 *
 * @param string $hostname The hostname to check for
 *
 * @return bool true if hostname already exists
 *              false if hostname doesn't exist
**/
function host_exists($hostname, $snmphost = '')
{
    global $config;
    $count = dbFetchCell("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `devices` WHERE `hostname` = ?", array($hostname));
    if ($count > 0) {
        return true;
    } else {
        if ($config['allow_duplicate_sysName'] === false && !empty($snmphost)) {
            $count = dbFetchCell("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `devices` WHERE `sysName` = ?", array($snmphost));
            if ($count > 0) {
                return true;
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
}

/**
 * Check the innodb buffer size
 *
 * @return array including the current set size and the currently used buffer
**/
function innodb_buffer_check()
{
    $pool['size'] = dbFetchCell('SELECT @@innodb_buffer_pool_size');
    // The following query is from the excellent mysqltuner.pl by Major Hayden https://raw.githubusercontent.com/major/MySQLTuner-perl/master/mysqltuner.pl
    $pool['used'] = dbFetchCell('SELECT SUM(DATA_LENGTH+INDEX_LENGTH) FROM information_schema.TABLES WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA NOT IN ("information_schema", "performance_schema", "mysql") AND ENGINE = "InnoDB" GROUP BY ENGINE ORDER BY ENGINE ASC');
    return $pool;
}

/**
 * Print warning about InnoDB buffer size
 *
 * @param array $innodb_buffer An array that contains the used and current size
 *
 * @return string $output
**/
function warn_innodb_buffer($innodb_buffer)
{
    $output  = 'InnoDB Buffersize too small.'.PHP_EOL;
    $output .= 'Current size: '.($innodb_buffer['size'] / 1024 / 1024).' MiB'.PHP_EOL;
    $output .= 'Minimum Required: '.($innodb_buffer['used'] / 1024 / 1024).' MiB'.PHP_EOL;
    $output .= 'To ensure integrity, we\'re not going to pull any updates until the buffersize has been adjusted.'.PHP_EOL;
    $output .= 'Config proposal: "innodb_buffer_pool_size = '.pow(2, ceil(log(($innodb_buffer['used'] / 1024 / 1024), 2))).'M"'.PHP_EOL;
    return $output;
}

function oxidized_reload_nodes()
{

    global $config;

    if ($config['oxidized']['enabled'] === true && $config['oxidized']['reload_nodes'] === true && isset($config['oxidized']['url'])) {
        $oxidized_reload_url = $config['oxidized']['url'] . '/reload?format=json';
        $ch = curl_init($oxidized_reload_url);

        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 5);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 5);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 1);
        curl_exec($ch);
        curl_close($ch);
    }
}

/**
 * Perform DNS lookup
 *
 * @param array $device Device array from database
 * @param string $type The type of record to lookup
 *
 * @return string ip
 *
**/
function dnslookup($device, $type = false, $return = false)
{
    if (filter_var($device['hostname'], FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_IPV4) == true || filter_var($device['hostname'], FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_IPV6) == truee) {
        return '';
    }
    if (empty($type)) {
        // We are going to use the transport to work out the record type
        if ($device['transport'] == 'udp6' || $device['transport'] == 'tcp6') {
            $type = DNS_AAAA;
            $return = 'ipv6';
        } else {
            $type = DNS_A;
            $return = 'ip';
        }
    }
    if (empty($return)) {
        return '';
    }
    $record = dns_get_record($device['hostname'], $type);
    return $record[0][$return];
}//end dnslookup




/**
 * Run rrdtool info on a file path
 *
 * @param string $path Path to pass to rrdtool info
 * @param string $stdOutput Variable to recieve the output of STDOUT
 * @param string $stdError Variable to recieve the output of STDERR
 *
 * @return int exit code
 *
**/

function rrdtest($path, &$stdOutput, &$stdError)
{
    global $config;
    //rrdtool info <escaped rrd path>
    $command = $config['rrdtool'].' info '.escapeshellarg($path);
    $process = proc_open(
        $command,
        array (
            0 => array('pipe', 'r'),
            1 => array('pipe', 'w'),
            2 => array('pipe', 'w'),
        ),
        $pipes
    );

    if (!is_resource($process)) {
        throw new \RuntimeException('Could not create a valid process');
    }

    $status = proc_get_status($process);
    while ($status['running']) {
        usleep(2000); // Sleep 2000 microseconds or 2 milliseconds
        $status = proc_get_status($process);
    }

    $stdOutput = stream_get_contents($pipes[1]);
    $stdError  = stream_get_contents($pipes[2]);
    proc_close($process);
    return $status['exitcode'];
}

function create_state_index($state_name)
{
    if (dbFetchRow('SELECT * FROM state_indexes WHERE state_name = ?', array($state_name)) !== true) {
        $insert = array('state_name' => $state_name);
        return dbInsert($insert, 'state_indexes');
    }
}

function create_sensor_to_state_index($device, $state_name, $index)
{
    $sensor_entry = dbFetchRow('SELECT sensor_id FROM `sensors` WHERE `sensor_class` = ? AND `device_id` = ? AND `sensor_type` = ? AND `sensor_index` = ?', array(
        'state',
        $device['device_id'],
        $state_name,
        $index
    ));
    $state_indexes_entry = dbFetchRow('SELECT state_index_id FROM `state_indexes` WHERE `state_name` = ?', array(
        $state_name
    ));
    if (!empty($sensor_entry['sensor_id']) && !empty($state_indexes_entry['state_index_id'])) {
        $insert = array(
            'sensor_id' => $sensor_entry['sensor_id'],
            'state_index_id' => $state_indexes_entry['state_index_id'],
        );
        foreach ($insert as $key => $val_check) {
            if (!isset($val_check)) {
                unset($insert[$key]);
            }
        }

        dbInsert($insert, 'sensors_to_state_indexes');
    }
}

function delta_to_bits($delta, $period)
{
    return round(($delta * 8 / $period), 2);
}

function report_this($message)
{
    global $config;
    return '<h2>'.$message.' Please <a href="'.$config['project_issues'].'">report this</a> to the '.$config['project_name'].' developers.</h2>';
}//end report_this()

function hytera_h2f($number, $nd)
{
    if (strlen(str_replace(" ", "", $number)) == 4) {
        $hex = '';
        for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($number); $i++) {
            $byte = strtoupper(dechex(ord($number{$i})));
            $byte = str_repeat('0', 2 - strlen($byte)).$byte;
            $hex.=$byte." ";
        }
        $number = $hex;
        unset($hex);
    }
    $r = '';
    $y = explode(' ', $number);
    foreach ($y as $z) {
        $r = $z . '' . $r;
    }

    $hex = array();
    $number = substr($r, 0, -1);
    //$number = str_replace(" ", "", $number);
    for ($i=0; $i<strlen($number); $i++) {
        $hex[]=substr($number, $i, 1);
    }

    $dec = array();
    $hexCount = count($hex);
    for ($i=0; $i<$hexCount; $i++) {
        $dec[]=hexdec($hex[$i]);
    }

    $binfinal = "";
    $decCount = count($dec);
    for ($i=0; $i<$decCount; $i++) {
        $binfinal.=sprintf("%04d", decbin($dec[$i]));
    }

    $sign=substr($binfinal, 0, 1);
    $exp=substr($binfinal, 1, 8);
    $exp=bindec($exp);
    $exp-=127;
    $scibin=substr($binfinal, 9);
    $binint=substr($scibin, 0, $exp);
    $binpoint=substr($scibin, $exp);
    $intnumber=bindec("1".$binint);

    $tmppoint = "";
    for ($i=0; $i<strlen($binpoint); $i++) {
        $tmppoint[]=substr($binpoint, $i, 1);
    }

    $tmppoint=array_reverse($tmppoint);
    $tpointnumber=number_format($tmppoint[0]/2, strlen($binpoint), '.', '');

    $pointnumber = "";
    for ($i=1; $i<strlen($binpoint); $i++) {
        $pointnumber=number_format($tpointnumber/2, strlen($binpoint), '.', '');
        $tpointnumber=$tmppoint[$i+1].substr($pointnumber, 1);
    }

    $floatfinal=$intnumber+$pointnumber;

    if ($sign==1) {
        $floatfinal=-$floatfinal;
    }

    return number_format($floatfinal, $nd, '.', '');
}